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Recirculating chillers are essential equipment for cooling and condensation of solvent during rotary evaporation. A common misconception is that setting chillers to the lowest temperatures offers optimal results during distillations. I am here to give you more details about the importance of energy balance, how to calculate cooling capacities and what cooling temperature guarantees sufficient condensation.
I was chatting with my nephew the other day about nice activities that we’ve done in the past. He suddenly remembered that I took him to the circus one year and we rejoiced at the memories. One performance that stood out in my mind was the balancing act. The performer had climbed on top of a ladder and was juggling more and more objects in the air. His colleagues kept throwing more and more at him and the audience was extremely impressed. But after the 20th baton or so, he suddenly slipped, lost his balance and was lucky to be saved by his diligent assistants.
Well, we often try to push to the limit, yet finding the right balance is usually more important than achieving the best results. In the circus act, the audience was more than happy with a balancing feat of about 15 objects. There was simply no need to throw more in, risk the performer’s safety and affect the outcome of the performance.
The theme of balance is recurring not just in life but on the blog. I’d like to devote some more time to the subject here, this time when I talk about chillers in rotary evaporation with you.
The recirculation chiller is needed to support the rotary evaporator with sufficient cooling to condense the vaporized solvent. When setting up the chiller, you should always remember that the distillation should be in balance. What I mean here is that the energy for evaporation and condensation of the solvent should be equal. I’ve already brought up the topic of energy balance in my blog post about the delta 20 rule in rotary evaporation, in case you want to read up more on the subject.
Every solvent has its own heat of vaporization, also known as heat of evaporation or as enthalpy of vaporization. The term describes the energy needed to transform a given quantity of a substance into vapor at a given pressure. Or in simple terms, heat of vaporization is the energy required to evaporate a substance.
How can we calculate cooling capacity?
Let us try to find this energy for an example solvent, in this case water. The maximal distillation rate with a laboratory rotary evaporator is about 1.3 liters per hour. Let us use this value to see what this means in W. We use the following equation:
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