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In general, livestock and poultry receive less phosphorus than they should. This is because the phosphorus content in vegetable feeds reaches only 30% of what is essentially needed, and even then, only half absorbed. Farm animals with a diet that is deficient in calcium and phosphorus often suffer the following health problems:
The indispensable source of prevention for these problems can be found in inorganic phosphates. These are used as a supplement to organic feeds to obtain the required level of P-content for optimal production and mineralization of bones.
The main types of feed phosphates are tri-, di- and monocalcium phosphates. Monocalcium phosphate (MCP) and dicalcium phosphate (DCP) are the most commonly used forms of inorganic feed phosphates. The main difference between these feed phosphates is phosphorus content.
During the manufacturing process of feed-grade calcium phosphates, limestone (CaCO3) and phosphoric acid (H3PO4) react together under carefully controlled conditions. When these two ingredients are mixed, a chemical equilibrium is reached, resulting in a mixture that contains monobasic calcium phosphate (MCP) and dibasic calcium phosphate (DCP).
The actual composition of the final phosphate feed additive (the amounts of MCP and DCP) is influenced by variables such as the ratio of limestone to phosphoric acid, the strength of the phosphoric acid, temperature, and the purity of the raw materials used. However, the total concentration of phosphorus in the final feed-grade phosphate product will always be determined by the initial concentration of H3PO4 used in the manufacturing process.
Production is usually conducted with processes that dissolve phosphate raw material with sulphuric acid. This is the cheapest method to obtain phosphoric acid, and results in a product usually intended for fertilizer production. To turn the phosphoric acid into a feed-grade product, it must be treated to remove fluorine compounds, heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb, Hg) and insoluble substances. The classic process for phosphate feed production consists of a sequence of processes and separate operations. These are:
Comparative analysis of feed phosphates, conducted by chemists from leading research institutes, shows that the highest digestibility of phosphates was recorded when combined with a 2% citric acid solution. The best results were produced by feed phosphates that do not contain fluorine, as they saturated the body with both phosphorus and calcium. As a result, they found a distinct advantage in using Monocalcium phosphate made from DCP enriched with defluorinated feed-grade phosphoric acid over other sources of phosphorus. MCP has the highest phosphorus content by weight, and is a major reason why many feed manufacturers and producers are beginning to change from DCP to MCP.
The high solubility and optimal phosphorus concentration of MCP offers increased flexibility in diet formulation. The production process used increases the digestibility of the final product and, hence, increases the dietary absorption rate. It is worth noting that, MCP derived from DCP via the HCl production process has a particularly high digestibility because of its purity, while anhydrous dicalcium phosphates offer the lowest value of feeding. The second reason for feed manufacturers to change from anhydrous DCP to MCP.
Monocalcium phosphate is a powder of medium hygroscopicity (granules 0.2-1.4 mm in size) - white or grey colour, and easily soluble in a water environment. Compared with other inorganic sources of phosphorus, such as dicalcium phosphate and tricalcium phosphate, MCP has the following features and advantages:
Technical aspects of Monocalcium phosphate produced by the Phosagro group:
PJSC PhosAgro
https://www.phosagro.com
Based on recent studies, phosphorus from monocalcium phosphate is more useful for livestock and poultry than other inorganic sources, as the percentage digested is much higher. The addition of monocalcium phosphate to feed mixtures provides an increase in live weight of livestock and poultry by 5-12% higher in comparison with other types of feed phosphates. Monocalcium phosphate can be safely used for feed without any harmful consequences. Adding monocalcium phosphate to the diet of your livestock and poultry will increase their productivity, and bring excellent biological, energy, and economic benefits.
MCP acts as an inorganic phosphate supplement and plays an important role in the animal feed industry. It provides animals with calcium and phosphorus, which helps to improve an animal's organism, metabolism, and the functioning of nervous, immune and reproductive systems thereby increasing productivity.
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