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The crank press is a type of mechanical press and can also be called a crank punch. Its working principle is a crank-slider mechanism.
1-Worktable; 2-Machine body; 3-Brake; 4-Safety cover; 5-Gear; 6-Clutch; 7-Crankshaft; 8-link; 9-Slider; 10-foot manipulator
⒈Working Principle and Structure
Figure 1 is an outline drawing, Figure 2 is a motion diagram.
Its working principle is as follows: motor
⑴ Pass the movement to the large pulley through the V-belt
⑵ After the pinion
⑶ Big gear
⑷ Pass to the clutch
⑸ Clutch 5 transmits the motion to the crankshaft
⑹ The upper end of the connecting rod is mounted on the crankshaft, and the lower end is connected to the slider.
⑺ The rotary motion of the crankshaft is changed to a linear reciprocating motion of the slider. The upper mold of the mold is mounted on the slider, and the lower mold is mounted on the table. Therefore, when the material is placed between the upper and lower molds, punching and other stamping processes can be performed. Due to the needs of the production process, the slider sometimes moves and sometimes stops. Therefore, in addition to the clutch, a brake is also installed at the end of the crankshaft, and the press operates for a short period of time during the entire working cycle, that is, the load is working. The time is short and most of the time is no load dead time. In order to make the load of the motor uniform and use energy efficiently, a flywheel is installed. The large pulley 2 acts as a flywheel.
1--Motor; 2 --Belt pulley; 3, 4--Gear; 5--Clutch; 6--Link; 7--Slider.
As can be seen from the above working principle, the crank press consists of the following parts:
(1) Working mechanism: crank slider mechanism consisting of the crankshaft, connecting rod, slider, and other parts.
(2) Transmission system: including gear transmission, belt transmission, and other mechanisms.
(3) Operating system: such as clutches and brakes.
(4)Energy system: such as electric motor, flywheel.
(5) Support parts: such as the fuselage.
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⒉The common structure on the crank slider
1--Feeding crossbar; 2--Slider; 3--Crushing fast; 4--Supporting seat; 5--Covering; 6--Adjusting screw; 7--Link body; 8--Axle; 9--Crankshaft; 10-- Locking screw; 11-Locking block; 12- Mold holder fast; 13-Clamping screw; 14-Tightening screw; 15-Top wire; 16-Overload protection device.
⑴Modulus height adjustment device
In order to accommodate mold installations with different closing heights, there is a device for adjusting the height of the press in the crankshaft slider of the press. As shown in the figure, the brake crank slider mechanism diagram. In the adjustment, first, loosen the top wire 15, then loosen the locking screw 10, and then rotate the adjusting rod 6, so that the length of the connecting screw is long or shortened, so that the height of the mold is reduced or increased. After the mold is installed and debugged, the screw 10 and the top wire 15 should be locked one after another to prevent the connecting rod from returning. For large and medium-sized presses, the adjustment screw is rotated by a separate motor through a gear or turbine mechanism.
⑵Top piece device
The press is generally provided with a top piece device on the slider member for the top die of the upper die. The top piece device is rigid and pneumatic, and only the rigid top piece device is described below.
1--Body; 2--Stop seat; 3--Stop head screw; 4--Feeding crossbar; 5--Stop pin; 6--Slider; 7-- Ejector pin.
As shown, the top piece assembly consists of a hitter rail 4 that passes through the slider and a stop screw 3 that is attached to the fuselage. When the slider is pressed down, due to the action of the workpiece, the ejector rod 7 of the upper die is raised in the slider by using the traverse bar. When the slider returns to the top dead center, the two ends of the hitting bar are blocked by the head screw of the fuselage, the slider continues to rise, and the hitting bar moves downward relative to the slider, pushing the top in the upper die. The rod workpiece is ejected.
The maximum working stroke of the hitting crossbar is H-h. If the head screw is touched too early, equipment failure will occur. Therefore, when the head screw is used, the slider should be at the top dead center.
The rigid top piece device has a simple structure, reliable operation, and wide application. However, the top material force and the top material position cannot be adjusted arbitrarily.
Form of Crank Press:
1) bed
The bed is the framework of the press, bearing all the punching pressure, and connecting all the parts of the press to ensure the accuracy, strength and rigidity required by the whole machine. A working table is fixed on the bed for installing the lower die of the die.
2) working organization
It is a crank connecting rod mechanism, which is composed of a crankshaft, a connecting rod and a sliding block. The motor transmits the energy to the pulley through the V-belt, to the crankshaft through the transmission shaft through the pinion and big gear, and to the reciprocating linear motion of the slider through the connecting rod. The upper die of the die is fixed on the sliding block. The belt wheel also functions as a flywheel, so that the load of the press is even in the whole working cycle, and the energy can be fully utilized.
3) control system
It is composed of the brake, clutch, etc. The clutch is used to start and stop the action of the press. The brake is to stop the slider at the required position when the clutch is disengaged. Clutch off and on, that is, press on and off is controlled by the control mechanism.
4) transmission system
Including belt wheel drive, gear drive and other mechanisms.
5) energy system
Including motor, flywheel (pulley).
In addition to the above basic parts, the crank press also has a variety of auxiliary devices, such as lubrication system, safety device, counting device and air cushion.
Working Principle of Crank Press:
The crank press transmits the movement and energy of the motor to the crankshaft through the transmission system, so that the crankshaft can rotate, and the slider can generate reciprocating motion through the connecting rod.
The motor drives the crankshaft to rotate through the pinion, the big gear (flywheel) and the clutch, and then the slider makes a reciprocating motion in the guide rail of the fuselage through the connecting rod. The upper die of the die is fixed on the slide block, and the lower die is fixed on the working table of the machine body, so that the press can pressurize the stamping materials placed between the upper die and the lower die, and press them into the workpiece by the die to realize the pressure processing. The clutch is controlled by the foot pedal through the control mechanism to realize the movement or stop of the crank slider mechanism. The brake is closely matched with the clutch, and the crank slider mechanism can be stopped at a certain position (generally refers to the position where the slider is at the top dead centre) after the clutch is disengaged. The big gear also acts as a flywheel to make the load of the motor even, and effectively store and release energy.
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