Therefore, world's traffic needs multiple means of transportation to bring into play its advantage efficiently, and as high-speed railway can not replace common railway, speedway can not replace common road.But above-mentioned disclosed road can not solve railway and the intrinsic deficiency of highway; Some researchs and innovation that do in the west; Improving on this global problem of automotive safety; Substantive research is arranged at present with innovation and few, the highway traffic accident also reflects the defective that road exists, and the result is difficult to satisfy China's automotive society pressing on road.Neither one is safety but also road flexibly not only, so that the compelled automotive engineering of introducing of China, can not effectively solve the realistic problem that a big country exists.
In disclosed patented technology; As the applying date be on October 31st, 2003; Application number is the patent " let train vehicle run at high speed omnipotent two-in-one monorailway " of CN200310111978.7; Comprise letting the train vehicle omnipotent two-in-one monorailway of running at high speed, having solved traditional train railway can not running automobile, can not the go problem of train of road traffic route.The appearance of omnipotent monorailway on same monorailway, lets omnipotent single track train high-speed secure go, and also can let the automobile high-speed safety traffic as required on omnipotent monorailway.The appearance of omnipotent monorailway might replace the traditional double rail railway, and, driving safety fast because of omnipotent monorailway building cycle, monorailway maintaining aspect workload are less than traditional railway far away.But the rail on this highway makes that for meeting the railway requirement structure is more complicated, cost is higher, also more difficult popularization.
In disclosed relevant report, the modern guide rail electric car of China in Tianjin, Shanghai is open to traffic, and adopted the modern guide rail electric car system of French Raul company research and development, it is simple to have infrastructure, can make full use of general urban road, reduces investment outlay; Vehicle is the rubber tire walking, single track guiding, electric power engine; Noise is little, and low vibration has province's merit, characteristics such as energy-conservation, is one of state-of-the art urban public transportation system in the world today.But it obviously can not be flexible as automobile.
Be exactly monorail transit, though P.H.Palmer in 1821 just obtains BP because of the design of single track.Built article one monorail transit in the world for conveying goods at London Docks in 1824.The railway line of the steam vehicle traction that ratio 1825 is opened is also Zao.And Japan had introduced the monorail transit technology in 1961; And utilize the opportunity of the 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games; It is perfect that monorail transit is able to as urban public transportation system, under certain service condition, can satisfy the needs of urban public transport, becomes modernized public transport.But the inferior position that it does not still break away from railway, not enough maneuverability seems.
In disclosed patented technology; As the applying date be on May 30th, 2007; Application number is 200720052073.0 patent " speedway with guiding device ", though its characteristics comprise express highway pavement, are provided with a guiding device at least at the bearing of trend along speedway, this guiding device is by the one group of rail that is laid on the high-speed railway; Be arranged on the stopping means in the rail; Another stopping means that is arranged in another rail constitutes, and said stopping means is provided with a spacing head, and this spacing head moves in the direction of the drive lower edge of stopping means rail.But the rail on this speedway is one group two the special rails of " worker " font, makes complex structure, cost height, difficulty promote.
On the contrary; Railway has low-carbon (LC), low energy consumption, low cost, many advantages such as safe and punctual; Its inferior position can also be arranged, and that is exactly not enough maneuverability, can only on fixing circuit, go by regular time; Stop at fixing website by regular time, can not provide good service as carriage and automobile " door t door ".It solves large transportation, but can't resolve little ancestor's transportation, has satisfied not colourful individual demand, thereby can not replace highway transportation, can not become the main force of passenger and freight transportation.
Analyze the reason of traffic accident, all know by people, car, the three kinds of factors in road to cause.And in the statistics of traffic accidents in the past, being to be caused by human factor more than 70%, is that the factor by vehicle causes more than 20%, is no more than 10% because of road conditions is bad to a great extent for what immediate cause caused.But there is data to confirm: often, to cause an insecure sensation of driving conditions to the driver to a certain extent, produce psychological anxiety, thereby become one of remote cause of traffic accident because the road alignment combination is not good.Researcher's statistics is also pointed out: if comprise immediate cause and remote cause, because the bad road accident rate of generation that impels of road conditions possibly reach 30%.
And China; Road traffic accident number, the number of casualties and direct losses are in rising trend always; When the approximately annual speed with 15% of China's motor vehicle quantity increased, traffic accident quantity also rose basically synchronously, this impetus of containment if we no longer adopt an effective measure; Along with Chinese society automobile degree is increasingly high, road traffic accident will constantly rise.Original speedway; Have that linear index is high, good, totally-enclosed, the no pedestrian of pavement quality and slow train interference, characteristics such as traffic safety facilities is complete, the traffic accident situation of speedway is more much better than common road; But China has an accident on the expressway; As if become homely food,, also had serious traffic jam with the accident interpromoting relation in five elements of accompanying.
Although traffic accident is a kind of worldwide public hazards, the number that road traffic accident is died from the whole world every year reaches 500,000 people, and other has 1000～1,500 ten thousand people injured.At present, the road transport of industrialized country development is compared leading relatively with China, and the road accident of country has been spent the peak period, is downward trend year by year.But the traffic accident quantity that Foreign Expressway takes place on average is about 30%～51% of ordinary highway, and the traffic accidents death toll on average is about 43%～76% of ordinary highway, and the result also is unworthy people optimistic.
In recent years, the development of China expressway construction is very fast, along with the formation of speedway network, the speedway transportation with its easily and efficiently advantage in Chinese society, economic life, bringing into play more and more important effect.But in the speedway transportation, great, pernicious security incident happens occasionally, and causes serious harm to the people's lives and property.
20 beginnings of the century, automobile has obtained the development of leap, and the Ma Kadanshi highway subgrade is the requirement of incompatibility running car, and people begin to build in a large number the highway of pitch and concrete pavement.Before World War II, Germany has at first set up freeway net, and from then on all there is corresponding development in each state, comprises that the speedway of the U.S. all becomes the sign of modern highway.
19 beginnings of the century, the expert of earnest research road has appearred in Britain.Wherein, the Te Er Ford is thought: fish ridge road surface is unsuitable too high, avoids building empty ramp road as far as possible.Adopt laminar ratchel basis road structure, ratchel is paved in the centre, both sides with less stone with the formation road camber.Ma Kadan thinks: do not need the basecoat slabstone, one deck crushed gravel on the upper berth, road surface just can be smooth and firm.Facts have proved: the carriage that the Ma Kadanshi highway is well suited at that time goes.
In 18th century, the French engineer Te Leisa lid in apoleon's epoch has been developed the rubble method on road surface of mating formation, and advocates to set up the road maintenance system.Under his influence, during apoleon is in power, built up famous method national freeway network, special for this reason thunder is respectfully called the father of French modern road construction.
China's road, though flourishing post house post road is arranged ancient times, from Qing Dynasty last years of a dynasty or reign, the emphasis of China's highway development in modern age has turned to the west." every roads lead to rome " that ancient rome era builds up spreads so far, and the west road is described, particularly highway has obtained alarming development, and the engineering structures level that has also embodied the road of building at that time is quite high.
The ancient civilized country flourishing road network is all arranged, and country is big more, and network is big more.Because road is the infrastructure that supplies various trackless vehicles and walk; Can be divided into urban road, highway, factories and mines road, forest road and backroad etc. by its handling characteristics.Do not have the few of naturally combination of railway, but road develops after all in the past.
Compared with prior art; The highway of the utility model is according to the influence to traffic safety of road factors, road environment; Be many-sided, comprehensive, basic; Make up the comprehensive technology advantage of highway and railway and speedway and single track, rather than single technical scheme in the prior art; Can possess the flexibility and the safety of railway of highway for this reason simultaneously, comprise the maneuverability reliability that speedway is superior, and the good climbing capacity of single track and certain automatic driving ability; Thereby for solid foundation is established in the development of automotive engineering, reliable assurance is provided, for the same leading world standard with the high ferro technology of China's automotive engineering is opened the breach for improving the automotive safety technology.
In order to make each section single track rail produce enough guiding and supporting role power to automobile; And each section single track rail itself possesses certain height; Remove each section single track rail two ends; Have automobile up and down beyond the transitional slope of single track rail, its top generally exceeds the road surface certain height, and this highly receives the restriction of automobile chassis road clearance; Even the passenger-car chassis road clearance is also approaching with the single track rail that can select fortunately; In addition when needing, each section single track rail foot can be placed in the groove on road surface, it is met install and instructions for use.
In order to realize the highway trackization, should have at least on the road surface interrupted single track rail is installed in the track, and when having only in the track track to install in the same way, should be near road intermediate isolating band; And when having two and above track that the single track rail is installed simultaneously in the track in the same way, also should the outside be stayed in uninstalled track successively near road intermediate isolating band; In case of necessity, in the same way in the track all tracks the single track rail can be installed simultaneously.Even so, the length sum that also adds up of highway mileage greater than each section of single track single track rail in the track; Because separated certain automobile lane change distance between two sections single track rail before and after in the single track.
Be prioritization scheme, the effect that obtains should be come perfectly according to people's requirement and automobile to the requirement of road, comprise the speedway of selecting the combination single track, the standard highway of combination single track, and the electrified highway etc. that makes up single track and electric automobile simultaneously.
The utility model solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme that is adopted: a kind of single track highway; Comprise with the highway being agent structure and the traffic system that makes up the single track supplementary structure; This traffic system is provided with highway subgrade, road surface, bridge, culvert, ferry harbour, tunnel, greening, communication and lighting apparatus and other isolation strip along the line, lines and guardrail, also has single track rail, railway spike, rail brace, anticreeper and fastener component.Concrete technical measures also comprise: on the basis on above-mentioned road surface, have at least a single track track to be placed in the different highway sections of highway through the single track rail with interrupted form, and fixedly the single track rail is central in each bicycle road of highway to pass through railway spike, rail brace.
The utility model technical problem to be solved is the deficiency that exists to above-mentioned prior art, provide a kind of simple in structure, method is easy, and is cheap, but can satisfy a kind of single track highway of China's automotive society to rto request.Because road factors, road environment are many-sided, comprehensive, basic to the influence of traffic safety.So have the advantages that according to highway transportation itself maneuverability, compliance are strong, " door t door " served, had a large capacity and a wide range; And speedway adopts totally-enclosed, full-overpass; The both sides, highway section all are provided with and do not enter grid; The intersection is full-overpass, avoids laterally passing through, and makes the raising and the guaranteed advantage of safety of the speed of a motor vehicle; Utilize the track on the railway, with the cooperation of vehicle railway switch, can make train need not manual work and turn to just walking technology, make vehicle have strong climbing capacity, can pass through than small curve radius through single track, area occupied is few, a series of characteristics such as base closed.Final single track highway through comprehensive optimum organization makes the bad road accident rate that produces of road conditions reduce about 30%.
The specific embodiment
Below be the specific embodiment of the utility model and combine accompanying drawing that the technical scheme of the utility model is done further to describe, but the utility model is not limited to these embodiment.
Reference numeral wherein is: 1, roadbed; 2, guardrail; 2a, left guardrail; 2b, right guardrail; 3, road surface; 3a, left road surface; 3b, right wing face; 4, lines; 4a, part diatom on the left side; 4b, part diatom on the right side; 5, single track rail; 5a, left single track rail; 5b, right single track rail; 6, isolation strip; 7, railway spike; 8, rail brace.
Embodiment 1
Shown in Figure 1; A kind of single track highway; Comprise with the highway being agent structure and the traffic system that makes up the single track supplementary structure; This traffic system is provided with highway subgrade has highway subgrade 1, road surface 3, bridge, culvert, ferry harbour, tunnel, greening, communication and lighting apparatus and other isolation strip along the line 6, lines 4 and guardrail 2, also has single track rail 5, railway spike 7, rail brace 8, anticreeper and fastener component.On the basis on above-mentioned road surface 3, have at least a single track track to be placed in the different highway sections of highway with interrupted form, and fixedly single track rail 5 is central in each bicycle road of highway to pass through railway spike 7, rail brace 8 through single track rail 5.
The realistic basis of the utility model is:
Highway transportation itself has that maneuverability, compliance are strong, " door t door " characteristics such as serve, have a large capacity and a wide range; But common road also exists, and the line style standard is low, pavement quality is not high, the speed of a motor vehicle is low, the mutual interference of mixed traffic phase big, Open Management causes interference such as side direction pedestrian and bicycle, accident is many, poor stability is waited until shortcoming, and speedway is compared progress obviously with common road.
To speedway, China Ministry of Communications " highway technical standard " regulation, be meant " can adapt to annual mean round the clock the minibus traffic volume be more than 25000, specialize in the automobile shunting run at high speed, and whole control highways of coming in and going out ".Generally can adapt to 120 kilometers/hour or higher speed, require route smooth and easy, longitudinal gradient is mild, and there is the width in four above tracks on the road surface.The centre is provided with dividing strip, adopts bituminous concrete or cement concrete high class pavement, is provided with complete sign, graticule, signal and lighting device for guaranteeing traffic safety; Forbid that pedestrian and non motorized vehicle on the way walks, adopt graded crossing, pedestrian's bridge crossing or tunnel to pass through with All other routes.
Obviously, speedway is the inevitable outcome of economic development.Speedway adapts to industrialization and development of urbanization.Become the clustering area of industry and population when the city; The growth of its automobile becomes the center of gathering of automobile just more than fast in rural area more, so the many loops from the city of expressway construction; Radial road and heavy traffic highway section begin, and progressively becoming with the speedway is key urban traffic.Even so obviously to big country's traffic not enough, blocking up says something.
Behind the highway combination single track, seem that the dynamic friction factor between various road surfaces and the tire is constant: dried pitch and concrete 0.7～0.7; Dry crushing stone road surface 0.6～0.7; Wet green grass or young crops and the mixed soil surface 0.32～0.4 gone through.In fact, friction factor is too small between invar wheel and the single track rail, is approximately 0.1～0.15, is prone to cause starting, slipping of brake not to exist, and to automobile guiding, support, anti-skidding useful, also helps the protection road surface, prolongs highway application life.
Simultaneously, the development of automotive engineering also proposes objective requirement to expressway construction.Automobile has become the requisite vehicles of human society at present; Need infrastructure cooperation automobile lightness and load-carryingization two great development trend such as speedway; The former requires the speed guarantee and the latter requires bearing capacity; Though speedway can make the two combination, but still perfect inadequately, need further combining of high speed highway development.Use double track to compare with combination, even through double track and combination together, the simplest optimum organization is still single track.
Easy method and principle are:
At present, concerning the people, safety belt is the most effective safety device on the automobile; In the future, concerning automobile, the single track of combination is exactly the most effective safety device on the highway.
Speedway belongs to high-grade highway.Its construction situation is reflecting the traffic development degree of countries and regions and even the integral level of economic development.Although the speedway of countries in the world does not have unified standard, name also is not quite similar, and all is specially to refer to have more than the Four-Lane Road, two go, control fully the access, all adopt clover leaf highway to separation.
Under the guaranteed situation of such safety, as long as the driver concentrates at special road section energy, in road driveway central authorities increase single track; High-grade highway and speedway are just had little significance; Omission not only can be saved construction cost, and can guarantee the flexibility of highway, and is then unrealistic as for requiring the driver to keep energy to concentrate for a long time; Just need dual fail-safe, also just can not omit single track.
In addition, the easy inspection and maintenance maintenance of the track of monorail transit and vehicle, the track long service life, and track itself is favourable to energy-saving and emission-reduction, when electric automobile was gone in connection, energising can have environmental-protection function to single track rail 5 as lead.For advantage, the disadvantages affect of single track is not very big, does not hinder other uses yet.
Concrete optimum organization process is:
In fact, speedway and Hyundai Motor are reflected more clearly in this respect.For automotive engineering, China has almost introduced the new technology of All Countries in the world, even introduces again and again and also do not find the break-through point; So promotion new-energy automobile; Hope a large amount of private cars with electric automobile technically bend overtake other vehicles, city that can be such is exactly the thing of public transport with car itself, even favourable also limited to environmental protection; When new-energy automobile and intercity automotive safety are far apart, will there be high-speed secure property and qualitative lifting.
At present, speedway is four or six tracks mostly in the countryside, is six or eight in city and suburbs, even more.For the automobile lane change that travels on the single track be provided opportunity like this.When express highway pavement adopts the high hard material of polishing value (like improvement pitch), to reduce road table liquid level waft sliding and jetting phenomenon, be exactly hardened verge be temporary parking usefulness, when also being paved into, obviously helping single track and directly lay with the upper material.
Also have, turnpike driving speed, in the open air mostly by the difference of landform, be divided into 80,100,120 and 140 kilometers/time four grades; Through the city mostly adopt 60 and 80 kilometers/time two grades, be similarly the automobile lane change be provided opportunity.It is main that the speedway horizontal alignment adds easement curve with circular curve mostly, and payes attention to the three-dimensional linear design of flat, vertical, horizontal three dimensions, obviously also helps single track and directly lays.
Maximum speed has reached 80 kilometers/hour to monorail transit in the city, and visible intercity speed neither problem; The track of monorail transit is a standard trajectory, but makes on-site consolidation by factory, has not only guaranteed precision but also be convenient to construction, but reduction of erection time also.The construction costs of monorail transit is lower, the construction costs of monorail transit be merely the subway cost 1/2～1/3 between.If further simplify, will still have living space.
Why is a kind of single track highway construction cost cheap? Because used single track rail 5 almost is laid immediately on the road surface 3, then with railway spike 7, rail brace 8 fixedly single track rail 5 get final product in the one-lane central authorities of highway.The continuous length of one section single track is decided with road conditions as required; Guaranteeing just prolongation as far as possible under highway flexibility and the situation with good conditionsi,, and then improve the energy-conservation and environmental-protecting performance of automotive safety with the advantage of performance track traffic.
In Fig. 1, part single track highway plane is made up of two single tracks and speedway.This speedway has four roads; Opened in 6 minutes by the isolation strip between the different travel directions, point out police circles by lines 4 between the identical travel direction, two tracks of the different travel directions in 6 both sides in the isolation strip; Be separately installed with single track rail 5; Although railway spike 7, rail brace 8 are not obvious, fixing single track rail 5 is central authorities in highway bicycle road, and whole single track highway is gone along with sb. to guard him clearly by guardrail 2.
Because the single track rail 5 in the single track serves as to rely on the basis with the road surface 3 of speedway, not only automobile begins to want single track rail 5 up and down with arriving the destination, and speedway itself also has special road conditions and highway section.Like this, all flexible situation just require the single track rail 5 in the single track, be placed in interrupted form on the road surface 3 of most of highway, and needn't be as railway or monorail transit with the track continuous laying.
When running car can lane change interval the time, will advance in order by the pilot steering automobile successively through the plus-minus road speed to the track that need go; In case gone up the single track rail 5 of combination, the railway switch that connects with single track rail 5 on the automobile so will work, and also just need not the pilot steering direction, can go safely and reliably as train.Though do not solve all problems on the automatic driving like this, qualitative leap arranged after all.
In case of necessity, tangible lane change line prompting should be arranged, perhaps prompting simultaneously inside and outside the track in advance in automobile lane change interval; The lines 4 on concrete single track rail 5 next doors also should have corresponding variation.Have only the driver of letting to come into plain view, just be unlikely to influence lane change opportunity, reach the purpose of try one's best minimizing accident and obstruction.
With the speedway shunting is example, can divide bridle road and little track in the future, to avoid a lot of traffic accidents, makes the bad road accident rate that produces of road conditions reduce by 30%; Because the collision incident takes place on speedway, in case dolly and cart bump against, the people on that dolly loses one's life certainly.Slow in addition cart is exercised, often account for fast, be easy to knocked into the back by the dolly of back; Be exactly several carts and drain, blocked the car of back, cause unnecessary traffic congestion phenomenon.
Embodiment 2
In Fig. 2, part single track highway cross-section also is made up of two single tracks and speedway.Four roads of this speedway are not obvious with the lines 4 between the identical travel direction; But opened in 6 minutes clearly by the isolation strip between the different travel directions; And in the isolation strip two tracks of the different travel directions in 6 both sides; Be separately installed with single track rail 5, specifically fixedly single track rail 5 is central in highway bicycle road through railway spike 7, rail brace 8, and whole single track highway is gone along with sb. to guard him by guardrail 2.Among the embodiment; As shown in Figure 2; Isolation strip 6 is divided into left road surface 3a, right wing face 3b with road surface 3, and correspondingly left road surface 3a and right wing face 3b are respectively equipped with left guardrail 2a, part diatom 4a on the left side, left single track rail 5a and right guardrail 2b, part diatom 4b, right single track rail 5b on the right side.
Because railway spike 7, rail brace 8 fixedly are decided according to its function and actual needs single track rail 5 positions, thus railway spike 7, and the position of rail brace 8 be relative; As for single track rail 5, choice criteria rail then, concrete model will be selected according to road conditions, vehicle condition needs; For road surface 3, also need in the practice of construction process, repair, in order to avoid influence road speed and safety.
Because of the roadbed 1 of speedway, road surface 3 itself with regard to comparatively robust; Corresponding bridge, culvert, ferry harbour, tunnel, greening, communication and lighting apparatus and other facility along the line are also very firm; So it is relatively easy that single track rail 5 is fixed in road driveway central authorities through railway spike 7, rail brace 8, anticreeper and fastener component, and construction cost is cheap again to make the speedway of combination single track.
In order to realize the highway trackization, should have at least on the road surface 3 interrupted single track rail 5 is installed in the track, and when having only in the track track to install in the same way, should be near road intermediate isolating band 6; And when having two and above track that single track rail 5 is installed simultaneously in the track in the same way, also should the outside be stayed in uninstalled track successively near road intermediate isolating band 6; In case of necessity, in the same way in the track all tracks single track rail 5 can be installed simultaneously.Even so, the length sum that also adds up of highway mileage greater than each section of single track single track rail 5 in the track; Because separated certain automobile lane change distance between two sections single track rail 5 before and after in the single track.
The reason that China's traffic accident is occurred frequently mainly is that vehicle safety is backward in technique from the angle of automobile; But from the road aspect, because historical reasons, China's road safety condition does not have radical change, and the safety technics level is still lower.For safety, should keep necessary distance on the highway between the traveling automobile certainly, China public security department regulation, the safe distance of the automobile of running on expressway is 200m, this highway to combination single track rail 3 is suitable equally.
The mentality of designing of speedway was exactly to let vehicle make the best of one's way originally, can be nowadays along with the wagon flow on the speedway be more and more crowded, and all size accident also constantly takes place.So the accident that under the state of the high speed of a motor vehicle, takes place often has dangerous and personal injury property more.When on the automobile after the single track rail 5, just be with safety belt the same with the people, can guarantee on the speedway that automobile is that high speed has been gone again safely.
With the intelligent automobile is example, though that intellectual technology can let road go is safer, need develop safer tire at least, use wireless connections to avoid collision.Specifically developing on the safer tire, single track will be useful help condition.In addition show that from China's crash analysis in the road traffic accident, human factor accounts for more than 90%, just the driver illegal, in violation of rules and regulations, drive against traffic regulations, lead to each tragedy.These accidents that nothing can be accomplished without norms or standards causes must be able to avoid because of single track establishes rules.
Embodiment 3
In Fig. 3, part single track highway longitudinal section still is made up of single track and speedway, but is apparent that the situation of single track rail 5a end transitional slope, in like manner can know the situation of other single track rail 5 end transitional slopes; Except that roadbed 1, the 3a of road surface, because of there is relativity railway spike 7 and rail brace 8 positions, railway spike 7 that can be a large amount of, rail brace 8, anticreeper and fastener component, just fully fixedly single track rail 5a is central in highway bicycle road.
For single track highway newly-built or reconstruction; Railway spike 7, rail brace 8 have the difficulty in the use unavoidably; At this moment railway spike 7, rail brace 8 can use setscrew and bolt to replace fully; Comprise that anticreeper and fastener component also can use the accessory that satisfies function, if fixedly single track rail 5 in highway bicycle road central authorities.
In order to make 5 pairs of automobiles of each section single track rail produce enough guiding, support and anti-skidding effect; Need each section single track rail 5 itself to possess certain height; Except that each section single track rail 5 two ends have automobile up and down the transitional slope of single track rail 5; Its top generally exceeds the road surface certain height, and this highly receives the restriction of automobile chassis road clearance; Even the passenger-car chassis road clearance is also approaching with the single track rail 5 that can select fortunately; In addition when needing, each section single track rail 5 bottoms can be placed in the groove on road surface, it is met install and instructions for use.
The Four-Lane Road speedway that has two single tracks with reconstruction is an example, and model is respectively the light rail of 9Kg/m, 12Kg/m, 15Kg/m, 22Kg/m, and the rail height is respectively 63.50mm, 69.85mm, 79.37mm, 93.66mm; Such height at first is fit to passenger-car chassis usually in the above requirement of 100mm; Secondly, light rail price per ton just can be laid 111 meters by 6000 yuan of calculating to the light rail of 9Kg/m, even spread 100 kilometers with 900 tons only of light rails, needs the 5400000 light rail expenses that drop into.Outside then be artificial with the smallclothes expense.
Embodiment 4
In Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, if single track rail 5 is selected heavy rails, because of model is respectively the heavy rail of 38Kg/m, 42Kg/m, 50Kg/m, the rail height is respectively 134mm, 140mm, 152mm; Such height is little to big chassis influence, but just influential to passenger-car chassis; In addition, when road surface 3 is flexible pavement 3, for make single track rail 5 be built on the rock with roadbed 1 on, the groove that just needs single track rail 5 to be arranged in road surface 3 has installed and fixed.
Big country's traffic can the U.S. be an example.Area is big because the U.S. and China belong to, and resource is distributed uneven country, makes the transportation system of the U.S. develop the state-owned reference of experience centering.In the U.S., it is flexible pavement that 2,000,000 miles road surfaces are arranged approximately, accounts for about 96% of the whole America highway total kilometrage, and the highway that the u s. state is built is linked to be a national highway network that extends in all direction.
The road design in each state is responsible for by each state oneself with construction.Take which type of road structure, by each state oneself decision, OGFC (OGFC) structure is liked adopting in the state that has entirely, and stone mastic asphalt (SMA) structure is liked adopting in the state that has, and the close-graded structure is liked using in the state that has.But design of all highways and building-up work all must be accepted the supervision and the inspection of Federal Highway office, and be the highest with the quality of guaranteeing road design, and cost is minimum.
The most of speedway of the U.S. year builds up in nineteen fifty-five to 1980 during this period of time, for connecting the nationwide freeway net in large and medium-sized city, each state.U.S.'s asphalt pavement of highway projected life is 20 years, and nowadays, the flexible pavement that eighties of last century is built has all been crossed time limit projected life basically, generally gets into big or middle repairing the phase.After many roads produce and destroy, all be the functional performance of recovering these road surfaces through cover.The maintenance of flexible pavement cover is extremely important, and it can make road structure be in an intact state all the time.If the untimely cover that carries out of road that damages, the time is once having rebuild for a long time.
The main cause that structural damage appears in U.S.'s flexible pavement is that the road local fatigue damages and structural rut, can thoroughly separate the above-mentioned problem of determining though remove whole road surface structare layer, and this way involves great expense usually, and consuming time very long.No matter be interstate highway, or common road in each state, it is first milling that present U.S. road maintenance is taked maximum ways, and then cover.Certainly, the design of cover compound is also very crucial, can increase the life-span of cover bitumen layer like this.
So long-lived flexible pavement the U.S. be one by the problem of extensive concern and discussion, be to realize the hope of flexible pavement " long-life ", the bituminous mixture and the road structure of trying one's best and designing.The strain of long-lived flexible pavement road structure bottom can not surpass 70 microns, only reaches this strain level, and road structure could be in intact state all the time, and also just there is the possibility of " long-life " on the road surface.Often flexible pavement is carried out cover, can guarantee the integrality of asphalt pavement structure, can prolong the application life of flexible pavement widely.
But so long-lived flexible pavement is compared with using track, even single track could really be accomplished longevity.
Embodiment 5
In Fig. 1 and Fig. 3; If single track rail 5 is all installed in all tracks; The periphery is gone along with sb. to guard him by guardrail 2 so, and inner by isolation strip 6 and 5 constraints of single track rail, lines 4 therebetween just there is no need to have marked except that the lane change district; Running car is on single track rail 5 like this, can carry out safety in the maximum magnitude and speed limit not.
At a high speed and safety can Germany be example.Because the driver's license examination of a Germany is strict, one-pass ratio is not high, and half-hearted is not really learned; It is impossible will taking card, the people of the card that will not occur can not driving but to have, and driving must be behaved well, and cart takes the main road; Dolly is walked the trail, the fast of overtaking other vehicles away, and this dozen lamp is played lamp, and this gives way; Drive the car of several hrs every day, how long have a rest once, all conscious execution; The car of two Germany is good, and this is good, is not only that the car mass all known of common people is good; The more important thing is that Motor Maintenance must get well, thus though the car class that the German opens height, how new and old, as long as set out on a journey; Vehicle condition is all very good, seldom accident occurs because of brake failure, steering failure, tyre explosion; The speedway of three Germany is speed limit not.
In fact, Autobahn reality not speed limit has only closely 2/3rds, and still conditional in the city, and 250KM/H exceeds with speed per hour; This can run in the world the fastest highway, the still minimum highway of accident in the world is even die 6000 people every year; Also let everybody on automotive safety, should learn the German undoubtedly; Because this is foremost in the world speedway, be one of state-of-the-art engineering system in the world, its road surface 3 average thickness 75Cm; Road surface 3 reinforcing bars that have mix soil thickness and reach 80Cm; Be to build intercity each highway section with the thickness in racing car place, even Boeing jumbo rises and falls at this, road surface 3 is at all not impaired yet.
The speedway of Germany is the two-way Four-Lane Road of standard mostly, has 35 meters wide approximately, and intermediate isolating band 6 just has 5 meters wide, and speed per hour 180KM/H is common, and use amount can be use amount of U.S. twice of high intercontinental highway as a result.General speed limit not in 12,000 kilometers is fastest in the world area, and safety also lets the people surprised, therefore becomes free without speed limit and accurate engineering combination mutually.
But China learns also should innovate according to national conditions again; How to innovate, can just needing to understand train directly go on highway? Since heavy, several kilotons of a row train; Highway is unable to stand; The pressure that train single track rail 5 bears is to be distributed to equably on the railway roadbed through ballast aggregate by sleeper, has both increased area, has lowered pressure again; Because hurry up, the frictional force between the wheel of train and the single track rail 5 is little, has improved speed, causes starting, brake to be skidded easily but friction factor is too small between steel wheel and the single track rail.
So we are combined into the single track highway, let automobile on single track, run, be exactly shortcut, also the most real.
Embodiment 6
In Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3; Even replace single track rail 5 through two parallel two-rails; Owing to receive the restriction of automobile wheel track and spring position; Make two parallel double tracks just leave medium line, the spacing between these two parallel double tracks is little as a result, and its effect will be equal to using single track rail 5; The different highway sections that still need be placed in highway with interrupted form are central; Let and separate certain automobile lane change distance between the two sections single track rail 5 in each section of single track front and back; And each section single track rail 5 two ends; Have automobile up and down the transitional slope lane change of single track rail 5 realize flexibility, but will increase construction cost and lose any vehicle climbing capacity.
The design period of China's speedway is generally 20～30 years, but has only 8～10 years actual life, even the speedway that has is only operated and just begun in 2～3 years to occur than severe diseases.For speedway, intercity strategic road, the maintenance of highway must cause user's trip inconvenience, prolongs user's travel time; Increase fuel consume, cause a large amount of maintenance costs, the problems such as waste of customer charge, simultaneously society is also brought enormous economic loss; See from the angle of life cycle cost analysis; This is uneconomic beyond doubt, how to prolong the service life of highway, has also become one of problem that present highway in China builder is concerned about the most.
Compare with the U.S. or Germany, see from total amount, Development of Freeway has obtained rapid development, can satisfy demand economic and life basically; From area density, developed regions such as east are also not second to developed countries such as the U.S., even have also surpassed developed country's level.But differentiation is obvious between China Development of Freeway zone.Like this, finally pass through the single track highway of comprehensive optimum organization, make the bad road accident rate that produces of road conditions reduce about 30% and just can become a reality.
In addition the leading world of the speedway of China has more realistic meaning not second to high ferro: the first, and China is vast in territory, and development and national economy has been accelerated in the speedway speed-raising, has accelerated logistics, and automobile day 2000 kilometers of row are become a reality.The second, the speedway speed-raising will promote upgrading of automobile industry overall technology and security performance greatly to improve, and this has great realistic meaning to improving China auto manufacturing integral level; The 3rd, the speedway speed-raising, what income was maximum is that those oneself are driven and the people that go on a journey by bus, can be everybody convenient more comfortable service and traveling environment are provided; The 4th, can satisfy the demand of people, and guarantee that country is big more, the requirement big more network to flourishing road network.
In a word, the utility model is many-sided, comprehensive, basic according to the influence to traffic safety of road factors, road environment; In the comprehensive technology advantage process of combination highway and railway and speedway and single track; Can make the highway that makes up single track possess the flexibility and the safety of railway of highway simultaneously; Comprise the maneuverability reliability that speedway is superior, and the good climbing capacity of single track and certain automatic driving ability; Thereby for solid foundation is established in the development of automotive engineering, reliable assurance is provided, for the same leading world standard with the high ferro technology of China's automotive engineering is opened the breach for improving the automotive safety technology.
The utlity model has following characteristics: one, help speed-raising, can effectively utilize the space, track on the highway to increase transport power; Two, adaptive capacity is strong, can adapt to different road conditions highway sections; Three, easy construction can make construction costs cheap; Four, help protecting the road surface, prolong highway application life; Five, safety factor is high, and the road accident rate that can reduce because of road conditions produced reaches 30%.
The most preferred embodiment of the utility model is illustrated, and various variations of being made by those of ordinary skills or remodeling can not break away from the scope of the utility model.