A Guide to Canada's Export Controls (continued)
PDF Version
Please visit our website for more information on this topic.
May version
Page 2 of 2 - Group 3 to 7 and Index
Group 3 – Nuclear Non-Proliferation List
(All destinations. All destinations applies to all Group 3 Items.)
Note:
Terms in ‘single quotations’ are usually defined within each entry of the list.
Terms in “double quotations” are defined at the end of Group 4.
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC) Note:
The export of nuclear and nuclear-related items is also controlled by the CNSC under the Nuclear Safety and Control Act (NSCA) and Regulations. Therefore, the export of nuclear and nuclear-related items, not listed in Group 3 or which meet the specific Group 3 decontrol notes may still require a license from the CNSC. Information on export licensing requirements under the NSCA may be obtained by contacting the CNSC.
Nuclear Technology Note:
The “technology” directly associated with any items controlled in Group 3 is controlled according to the provisions of Group 3.
“Technology” for the “development”, “production” or “use” of items under control remains under control even when applicable to non-controlled items.
The approval of items for export also authorizes the export to the same end-user of the minimum “technology” required for the installation, operation, maintenance and repair of the items.
Controls on “technology” transfer do not apply to information “in the public domain” or to “basic scientific research”.
General Software Note:
Group 3 does not control “software” which is either:
- 1. Generally available to the public by being:
- Sold from stock at retail selling points, without restriction, by means of:
- 1. Over-the-counter transactions;
- 2. Mail order transactions;
- 3. Electronic transactions; or
- 4. call transactions; and
- Designed for installation by the user without further substantial support by the supplier; or
- 2. “In the public domain”.
3-1. Source and Special Fissionable Materials
3-1.1. Source materials
Source materials in the form of metal, alloy, chemical compound, concentrate, or that are incorporated in any material or substance and in which the concentration of source material is greater than 0.05 weight %, as follows:
- 1. Natural uranium (i.e. containing the mixture of isotopes occurring in nature);
- 2. Depleted uranium (i.e. depleted in the isotope 235 below that occurring in nature); and
- 3. Thorium.
Note:
3-1.1. does not control the following:
- Four grams or less of natural uranium or depleted uranium when contained in a sensing component in instruments;
- Alloys containing less than 5% thorium;
- Ceramic products containing thorium, which have been manufactured for non-nuclear use;
- Medicinal substances;
- Trace amounts found on contaminated items such as clothing, shielding or packaging; and
- Source material which the Minister has determined will be used only in civil non nuclear applications, such as shielding, packaging, ballasts, counter-weights or the production of alloys and ceramics (For the purpose of export control, Global Affairs Canada will determine whether or not the exports of source material meeting the above specifications are for non-nuclear applications).
3-1.2. Special fissionable materials
- 1. Plutonium of all isotopes and any alloy, compound or material containing plutonium;
- 2. Uranium-233; uranium enriched in the isotopes 233 or 235; or any alloy, compound or material containing one or more of the foregoing;
Note:
3-1.2. does not control the following:
- Four ‘effective grams’ or less of special fissionable material when contained in a sensing component in instruments;
- Trace amounts found on contaminated items such as clothing, shielding or packaging; and
- Plutonium 238 that is contained in heart pacemakers.
Technical Note:
‘Effective gram’ means:
- For plutonium isotopes and uranium-233, the isotope weight in grams;
- For uranium enriched 1 percent or greater in the isotope uranium-235, the element weight in grams multiplied by the square of its enrichment expressed as a decimal weight fraction; and
- For uranium enriched below 1 percent in the isotope uranium-235, the element weight in grams multiplied by 0..
3-2. Equipment and Non-Nuclear Materials
3-2.1. Nuclear reactors and especially designed or prepared equipment and components therefor, including:
Introductory Note:
Various types of nuclear reactors may be characterized by the moderator used (e.g., graphite, heavy water, light water, none), the spectrum of neutrons therein (e.g., thermal, fast), the type of coolant used (e.g., water, liquid metal, molten salt, gas), or by their function or type (e.g., power reactors, research reactors, test reactors). It is intended that all of these types of nuclear reactors are within scope of this entry and all of its subentries where applicable. This entry does not control fusion reactors.
- 1. Complete nuclear reactors
Nuclear reactors capable of operation so as to maintain a controlled self-sustaining fission chain reaction.
Explanatory Note:
A “nuclear reactor” basically includes the items within or attached directly to the reactor vessel, the equipment which controls the level of power in the core, and the components which normally contain or come in direct contact with or control the primary coolant of the reactor core.
- 2. Nuclear reactor vessels
Metal vessels, or major shop-fabricated parts therefor, especially designed or prepared to contain the core of a nuclear reactor as defined in item 3-2.1.1. above, as well as relevant reactor internals as defined in item 3-2.1.8. below.
Explanatory Note:
Item 3-2.1.2 covers nuclear reactor vessels regardless of pressure rating and includes reactor pressure vessels and calandrias. The reactor vessel head is covered by item 3-2.1.2. as a major shop-fabricated part of a reactor vessel.
- 3. Nuclear reactor fuel charging and discharging machines
Manipulative equipment especially designed or prepared for inserting or removing fuel in a nuclear reactor as defined in item 3-2.1.1. above.
Explanatory Note:
The items noted above are capable of on-load operation or at employing technically sophisticated positioning or alignment features to allow complex off-load fuelling operations such as those in which direct viewing of or access to the fuel is not normally available.
- 4. Nuclear reactor control rods and equipment
Especially designed or prepared rods, support or suspension structures therefor, rod drive mechanisms or rod guide tubes to control the fission process in a nuclear reactor as defined in item 3-2.1.1. above.
- 5. Nuclear reactor pressure tubes
Tubes which are especially designed or prepared to contain both fuel elements and the primary coolant in a reactor as defined in item 3-2.1.1. above.
Explanatory Note:
Pressure tubes are parts of fuel channels designed to operate at elevated pressure, sometimes in excess of 5 MPa.
- 6. Nuclear fuel cladding
Zirconium metal tubes or zirconium alloy tubes (or assemblies of tubes), especially designed or prepared for use as fuel cladding in a reactor as defined in item 3-2.1.1. above, and in quantities exceeding 10 kg.
N.B.:
For zirconium pressure tubes see 3-2.1.5. For calandria tubes see 3-2.1.8.
Explanatory Note:
Zirconium metal tubes or zirconium alloy tubes for use in a nuclear reactor consist of zirconium in which the relation of hafnium to zirconium is typically less than 1:500 parts by weight.
- 7. Primary coolant pumps or circulators
Pumps or circulators especially designed or prepared for circulating the primary coolant for nuclear reactors as defined in item 3-2.1.1. above.
Explanatory Note:
Especially designed or prepared pumps or circulators include pumps for water-cooled reactors, circulators for gas-cooled reactors, and electromagnetic and mechanical pumps for liquid-metal-cooled reactors. This equipment may include pumps with elaborate sealed or multi-sealed systems to prevent leakage of primary coolant, canned-driven pumps, and pumps with inertial mass systems. This definition encompasses pumps certified to Section III, Division I, Subsection NB (Class 1 components) of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Code, or equivalent standards.
- 8. Nuclear reactor internals
Nuclear reactor internals especially designed or prepared for use in a nuclear reactor as defined in item 3-2.1.1. above. This includes, for example, support columns for the core, fuel channels, calandria tubes, thermal shields, baffles, core grid plates, and diffuser plates.
Explanatory Note:
Nuclear reactor internals are major structures within a reactor vessel which have one or more functions such as supporting the core, maintaining fuel alignment, directing primary coolant flow, providing radiation shields for the reactor vessel, and guiding in-core instrumentation.
- 9. Heat exchangers
- Steam generators especially designed or prepared for the primary, or intermediate, coolant circuit of a nuclear reactor as defined in item 3-2.1.1. above.
- Other heat exchangers especially designed or prepared for use in the primary coolant circuit of a nuclear reactor as defined in item 3-2.1.1. above.
Explanatory Note:
Steam generators are especially designed or prepared to transfer the heat generated in the reactor to the feed water for steam generation. In the case of a fast reactor for which an intermediate coolant loop is also present, the steam generator is in the intermediate circuit. In a gas-cooled reactor, a heat exchanger may be utilised to transfer heat to a secondary gas loop that drives a gas turbine. The scope of control for this entry does not include heat exchangers for the supporting systems of the reactor, (e.g., the emergency cooling system or the decay heat cooling system).
- 10. Neutron detectors
Especially designed or prepared neutron detectors for determining neutron flux levels within the core of a reactor as defined in item 3-2.1.1. above.
Explanatory Note:
The scope of this entry encompasses in-core and ex-core detectors which measure flux levels in a wide range, typically from 104 neutrons per cm2 per second or more. Ex-core refers to those instruments outside the core of a reactor as defined in item 3-2.1.1. above, but located within the biological shielding.
- 11. External thermal shields
External thermal shields especially designed or prepared for use in a nuclear reactor as defined in paragraph 3-2.1.1 for reduction of heat loss and also for containment vessel protection.
Explanatory Note:
External thermal shields are major structures placed over the reactor vessel which reduce heat loss from the reactor and reduce temperature within the containment vessel.
3-2.2. Non-nuclear materials for reactors
Explanatory Note:
For the purposes of export control, Global Affairs Canada will determine whether or not the exports of non-nuclear materials meeting the specifications identified in paragraphs 3-2.2.1. and 3-2.2.2. are for nuclear reactor use. Non-nuclear materials having the specifications in paragraphs 3-2.2.1. and 3-2.2.2. not for use in a nuclear reactor as defined in 3-2.1.1. are not covered by this section.
- 1. Deuterium and heavy water
Deuterium, heavy water (deuterium oxide) and any other deuterium compound in which the ratio of deuterium to hydrogen atoms exceeds 1:5,000, if the Minister has determined that it is for use in a nuclear reactor as defined in item 3-2.1.1. above.
- 2. Nuclear grade graphite
Graphite having a purity level better than 5 ppm (parts per million) boron equivalent and with a density greater than 1.50 g/cm3 for use in a nuclear reactor as defined in paragraph 3-2.1.1. above, in quantities exceeding 1 kg.
Explanatory Note:
Graphite having a purity level better than 5 ppm (parts per million) boron equivalent and with a density greater than 1.50 g/cm3 not for use in a nuclear reactor as defined in paragraph 3-2.1.1. above is not covered by this paragraph.
Boron Equivalent (BE) may be determined experimentally or is calculated as the sum of BEZ for impurities (excluding BEcarbon since carbon is not considered an impurity) including boron, where:
BEZ ppm = CF x concentration of element Z (in ppm);
CF is the conversion factor: (σZ x AB) divided by (σB x AZ);
σB and σZ are the thermal neutron capture cross sections (in barns) for naturally occurring boron and element Z respectively; and
AB and AZ are the atomic masses of naturally occurring boron and element Z respectively.
3-2.3. Plants for the reprocessing of irradiated fuel elements, and equipment especially designed or prepared therefor
Introductory Note:
Reprocessing irradiated nuclear fuel separates plutonium and uranium from intensely radioactive fission products and other transuranic elements. Different technical processes can accomplish this separation. However, over the years Purex has become the most commonly used and accepted process. Purex involves the dissolution of irradiated nuclear fuel in nitric acid, followed by separation of the uranium, plutonium, and fission products by solvent extraction using a mixture of tributyl phosphate in an organic diluent.
Purex facilities have process functions similar to each other, including irradiated fuel element decladding and/or chopping, fuel dissolution, solvent extraction, and process liquor storage. There may also be equipment for thermal denitration of uranium nitrate, conversion of plutonium nitrate to oxide or metal, and treatment of fission product waste liquor to a form suitable for long term storage or disposal. However, the specific type and configuration of the equipment performing these functions may differ between Purex facilities for several reasons, including the type and quantity of irradiated nuclear fuel to be reprocessed and the intended disposition of the recovered materials, and the safety and maintenance philosophy incorporated into the design of the facility.
A plant for the reprocessing of irradiated fuel elements includes the equipment and components which normally come in direct contact with and directly control the irradiated fuel and the major nuclear material and fission product processing streams.
These processes, including the complete systems for plutonium conversion and plutonium metal production, may be identified by the measures taken to avoid criticality (e.g., by geometry), radiation exposure (e.g. by shielding), and toxicity hazards (e.g., by containment).
Items of equipment that are considered to fall within the meaning of the phrase ‘and equipment especially designed or prepared’ for the reprocessing of irradiated fuel elements include:
- 1. Irradiated fuel element decladding equipment and chopping machines
Remotely operated equipment especially designed or prepared for use in a reprocessing plant as identified above and intended to expose or prepare the irradiated nuclear material in fuel assemblies, bundles or rods for processing.
Explanatory Note:
This equipment cuts, chops, shears or otherwise breaches the cladding of the fuel to expose the irradiated nuclear material for processing or prepares the fuel for processing. Especially designed cutting shears are most commonly employed, although advanced equipment, such as lasers, peeling machines, or other techniques, may be used. Decladding involves removing the cladding of the irradiated nuclear fuel prior to its dissolution.
- 2. Dissolvers
Dissolver vessels or dissolvers employing mechanical devices especially designed or prepared for use in a reprocessing plant as identified above, intended for dissolution of irradiated nuclear fuel and which are capable of withstanding hot, highly corrosive liquid, and which can be remotely loaded, operated, and maintained.
Explanatory Note:
Dissolvers normally receive the solid, irradiated nuclear fuel. Nuclear fuels with cladding made of material including zirconium, stainless steel, or alloys of such materials must be decladded and/or sheared or chopped prior to being charged to the dissolver to allow the acid to reach the fuel matrix. The irradiated nuclear fuel is typically dissolved in strong mineral acids, such as nitric acid, and any undissolved cladding removed. While certain design features, such as small diameter, annular, or slab tanks, may be used to ensure criticality safety, they are not a necessity. Administrative controls, such as small batch size or low fissile material content, may be used instead. Dissolver vessels and dissolvers employing mechanical devices are normally fabricated of material such as low carbon stainless steel, titanium or zirconium, or other high-quality materials. Dissolvers may include systems for the removal of cladding or cladding waste and systems for the control and treatment of radioactive off-gases. These dissolvers may have features for remote placement since they are normally loaded, operated and maintained behind thick shielding.
- 3. Solvent extractors and solvent extraction equipment
Especially designed or prepared solvent extractors (such as packed or pulse columns, mixer settlers or centrifugal contactors) for use in a plant for the reprocessing of irradiated fuel. Solvent extractors must be resistant to the corrosive effect of nitric acid. Solvent extractors are normally fabricated to extremely high standards (including special welding and inspection and quality assurance and quality control techniques) out of low carbon stainless steels, titanium, zirconium, or other high quality materials.
Explanatory Note:
Solvent extractors both receive the solution of irradiated fuel from the dissolvers and the organic solution which separates the uranium, plutonium, and fission products. Solvent extraction equipment is normally designed to meet strict operating parameters, such as long operating lifetimes with no maintenance requirements or adaptability to easy replacement, simplicity of operation and control, and flexibility for variations in process conditions.
- 4. Chemical holding or storage vessels
Especially designed or prepared holding or storage vessels for use in a plant for the reprocessing of irradiated fuel. The holding or storage vessels must be resistant to the corrosive effect of nitric acid. The holding or storage vessels are normally fabricated of materials such as low carbon stainless steels, titanium or zirconium, or other high quality materials. Holding or storage vessels may be designed for remote operation and maintenance and may have the following features for control of nuclear criticality:
- 1. Walls or internal structures with a boron equivalent of at least 2%;
- 2. A maximum diameter of 175 mm for cylindrical vessels; or
- 3. A maximum width of 75 mm for either a slab or annular vessel.
Explanatory Note:
Three main process liquor streams result from the solvent extraction step. Holding or storage vessels are used in the further processing of all three streams, as follows:
- The pure uranium nitrate solution is concentrated by evaporation and passed to a denitration process where it is converted to uranium oxide. This oxide is re-used in the nuclear fuel cycle.
- The intensely radioactive fission products solution is normally concentrated by evaporation and stored as a liquor concentrate. This concentrate may be subsequently evaporated and converted to a form suitable for storage or disposal.
- The pure plutonium nitrate solution is concentrated and stored pending its transfer to further process steps. In particular, holding or storage vessels for plutonium solutions are designed to avoid criticality problems resulting from changes in concentration and form of this stream.
- 5. Neutron measurement systems for process control
Neutron measurement systems especially designed or prepared for integration and use with automated process control systems in a plant for the reprocessing of irradiated fuel elements.
Explanatory Note:
These systems involve the capability of active and passive neutron measurement and discrimination in order to determine the fissile material quantity and composition. The complete system is composed of a neutron generator, a neutron detector, amplifiers, and signal processing electronics. The scope of this entry does not include neutron detection and measurement instruments that are designed for nuclear material accountancy and safeguarding or any other application not related to integration and use with automated process control systems in a plant for the reprocessing of irradiated fuel elements.
3-2.4. Plants for the fabrication of nuclear reactor fuel elements, and equipment especially designed or prepared therefor
Introductory Note:
Nuclear fuel elements are manufactured from one or more of the source or special fissionable materials mentioned in Item 3-1. For oxide fuels, the most common type of fuel, equipment for pressing pellets, sintering, grinding and grading will be present. Mixed oxide fuels are handled in glove boxes (or equivalent containment) until they are sealed in the cladding. In all cases, the fuel is hermetically sealed inside a suitable cladding which is designed to be the primary envelope encasing the fuel so as to provide suitable performance and safety during reactor operation. Also, in all cases, precise control of processes, procedures and equipment to extremely high standards is necessary in order to ensure predictable and safe fuel performance.
Explanatory Note:
Items of equipment that are considered to fall within the meaning of the phrase ‘and equipment especially designed or prepared’ for the fabrication of fuel elements include equipment which:
- normally comes in direct contact with, or directly processes, or controls, the production flow of nuclear material;
- seals the nuclear material within the cladding;
- checks the integrity of the cladding or the seal;
- checks the finish treatment of the sealed fuel; or
- is used for assembling reactor fuel elements.
Such equipment or systems of equipment may include, for example:
- 1. Fully automatic pellet inspection stations especially designed or prepared for checking final dimensions and surface defects of the fuel pellets;
- 2. Automatic welding machines especially designed or prepared for welding end caps onto the fuel pins (or rods);
- 3. Automatic test and inspection stations especially designed or prepared for checking the integrity of completed fuel pins (or rods).
Item 3 typically includes equipment for:- X-ray examination of pin (or rod) end cap welds;
- Helium leak detection from pressurized pins (or rods);
- Gamma-ray scanning of the pins (or rods) to check for correct loading of the fuel pellets inside.
- 4. Systems especially designed or prepared to manufacture nuclear fuel cladding.
3-2.5. Plants for the separation of isotopes of natural uranium, depleted uranium or special fissionable material and equipment, other than analytical instruments, especially designed or prepared therefor
Introductory Note:
Plants, equipment and technology for the separation of uranium isotopes have, in many instances, a close relationship to plants, equipment and technology for isotope separation of “other elements”. In particular cases, the controls under Section 3-2.5. also apply to plants and equipment that are intended for isotope separation of “other elements”. These controls of plants and equipment for isotope separation of “other elements” are complementary to controls on plants and equipment especially designed or prepared for the processing, use or production of special fissionable material covered by the Group 3. These complementary Section 3-2.5. controls for uses involving “other elements” do not apply to the electromagnetic isotope separation process, which is addressed under Group 4 of the Export Control List.
Processes for which the controls in Section 3-2.5. equally apply whether the intended use is uranium isotope separation or isotope separation of “other elements” are: gas centrifuge, gaseous diffusion, the plasma separation process, and aerodynamic processes.
For some processes, the relationship to uranium isotope separation depends on the element being separated. These processes are: laser-based processes (e.g. molecular laser isotope separation and atomic vapour laser isotope separation), chemical exchange, and ion exchange. Suppliers must therefore evaluate these processes on a case-by-case basis to apply Section 3-2.5. controls for uses involving “other elements” accordingly.
Items of equipment that are considered to fall within the meaning of the phrase “equipment, other than analytical instruments, especially designed or prepared” for the separation of isotopes of uranium include:
3-2.5.1. Gas centrifuges and assemblies and components especially designed or prepared for use in gas centrifuges
Introductory Note:
The gas centrifuge normally consists of a thin-walled cylinder of between 75 mm and 650 mm diameter contained in a vacuum environment and spun at high peripheral speed of the order of 300 m/s or more with its central axis vertical. In order to achieve high speed the materials of construction for the rotating components have to be of a high strength to density ratio and the rotor assembly, and hence its individual components, have to be manufactured to very close tolerances in order to minimise the unbalance. In contrast to other centrifuges, the gas centrifuge for uranium enrichment is characterised by having within the rotor chamber a rotating disc-shaped baffle( or baffles) and a stationary tube arrangement for feeding and extracting the uranium hexafluoride (UF6) gas and featuring at least three separate channels, of which two are connected to scoops extending from the rotor axis towards the periphery of the rotor chamber. Also contained within the vacuum environment are a number of critical items which do not rotate and, which although they are especially designed, are not difficult to fabricate nor are they fabricated out of unique materials. A centrifuge facility however requires a large number of these components, so that quantities can provide an important indication of end use.
3-2.5.2. Especially designed or prepared auxiliary systems, equipment and components for gas centrifuge enrichment plants
Introductory Note:
The auxiliary systems, equipment and components for a gas centrifuge enrichment plant are the systems of plant needed to feed UF6 to the centrifuges, to link the individual centrifuges to each other to form cascades (or stages) to allow for progressively higher enrichments and to extract the ‘product’ and ‘tails’ UF6 from the centrifuges, together with the equipment required to drive the centrifuges or to control the plant.
Normally UF6 is evaporated from the solid using heated autoclaves and is distributed in gaseous form to the centrifuges by way of cascade header pipework. The ‘product’ and ‘tails’ UF6 gas streams flowing from the centrifuges are also passed by way of cascade header pipework to cold traps (operating at about 203 K (-70°C)) where they are condensed prior to onward transfer into suitable containers for transportation or storage. Because an enrichment plant consists of many thousands of centrifuges arranged in cascades there are many kilometres of cascade header pipework, incorporating thousands of welds with a substantial amount of repetition of layout. The equipment, components and piping systems are fabricated to very high vacuum and cleanliness standards.
Explanatory Note:
Some of the items listed below either come into direct contact with the UF6 process gas or directly control the centrifuges and the passage of the gas from centrifuge to centrifuge and cascade to cascade. Materials resistant to corrosion by UF6 include copper, copper alloys, stainless steel, aluminium, aluminium oxide, aluminium alloys, nickel or alloys containing 60% by weight or more nickel and fluorinated hydrocarbon polymers.
3-2.5.3. Especially designed or prepared assemblies and components for use in gaseous diffusion enrichment
Introductory Note:
In the gaseous diffusion method of uranium isotope separation, the main technological assembly is a special porous gaseous diffusion barrier, heat exchanger for cooling the gas (which is heated by the process of compression), seal valves and control valves, and pipelines. In as much as gaseous diffusion technology uses UF6 , all equipment, pipeline and instrumentation surfaces (that come in contact with the gas) must be made of materials that remain stable in contact with UF6. A gaseous diffusion facility requires a number of these assemblies, so that quantities can provide an important indication of end use.
- 1. Gaseous diffusion barriers and barrier materials
- Especially designed or prepared thin, porous filters, with a pore size of 10-100 nm, a thickness of 5 mm or less, and for tubular forms, a diameter of 25 mm or less, made of metallic, polymer or ceramic materials resistant to corrosion by UF6 (see Explanatory Note to section 3-2.5.4.).
- Especially prepared compounds or powders for the manufacture of such filters. Such compounds and powders include nickel or alloys containing 60% by weight or more nickel, aluminium oxide, or UF6-resistant fully fluorinated hydrocarbon polymers having a purity of 99.9% by weight or more, a particle size less than 10 µm, and a high degree of particle size uniformity, which are especially prepared for the manufacture of gaseous diffusion barriers.
- 2. Diffuser housings
Especially designed or prepared hermetically sealed vessels for containing the gaseous diffusion barrier, made of or protected by UF6-resistant materials (see Explanatory Note to section 3-2.5.4.).
- 3. Compressors and gas blowers
Especially designed or prepared compressors, or gas blowers with a suction volume capacity of 1 m3 per minute or more of UF6, with a discharge pressure of up to 500 kPa, and designed for long-term operation in the UF6 environment, as well as separate assemblies of such compressors and gas blowers. These compressors and gas blowers have a pressure ratio of 10:1 or less and are made of, or protected by, materials resistant to UF6 (see Explanatory Note to section 3-2.5.4.).
- 4. Rotary shaft seals
Especially designed or prepared vacuum seals, with seal feed and seal exhaust connections, for sealing the shaft connecting the compressor or the gas blower rotor with the driver motor so as to ensure a reliable seal against in-leaking of air into the inner chamber of the compressor or gas blower which is filled with UF6. Such seals are normally designed for a buffer gas in-leakage rate of less than cm3 per minute.
- 5. Heat exchangers for cooling UF6
Especially designed or prepared heat exchangers made of or protected by UF6-resistant materials (see Explanatory Note to section 3-2.5.4.), and intended for a leakage pressure change rate of less than 10 Pa per hour under a pressure difference of 100 kPa.
3-2.5.4. Especially designed or prepared auxiliary systems, equipment and components for use in gaseous diffusion enrichment
Introductory Note:
The auxiliary systems, equipment and components for gaseous diffusion enrichment plants are the systems of plant needed to feed UF6 to the gaseous diffusion assembly, to link the individual assemblies to each other to form cascades (or stages) to allow for progressively higher enrichments and to extract the ‘product’ and ‘tails’ UF6 from the diffusion cascades. Because of the high inertial properties of diffusion cascades, any interruption in their operation, and especially their shut-down, leads to serious consequences. Therefore, a strict and constant maintenance of vacuum in all technological systems, automatic protection from accidents, and precise automated regulation of the gas flow is of importance in a gaseous diffusion plant. All this leads to a need to equip the plant with a large number of special measuring, regulating and controlling systems.
Normally UF6 is evaporated from cylinders placed within autoclaves and is distributed in gaseous form to the entry point by way of cascade header pipework. The ‘product’ and ‘tails’ UF6 gas streams flowing from exit points are passed by way of cascade header pipework to either cold traps or to compression stations where the UF6 gas is liquefied prior to onward transfer into suitable containers for transportation or storage. Because a gaseous diffusion enrichment plant consists of a large number of gaseous diffusion assemblies arranged in cascades, there are many kilometres of cascade header pipework, incorporating thousands of welds with substantial amounts of repetition of layout. The equipment, components and piping systems are fabricated to very high vacuum and cleanliness standards.
Explanatory Note:
The items listed below either come into direct contact with the UF6 process gas or directly control the flow within the cascade. Materials resistant to corrosion by UF6 include copper, copper alloys, stainless steel, aluminium, aluminium oxide, aluminium alloys, nickel or alloys containing 60% by weight or more nickel and fluorinated hydrocarbon polymers.
- 1. Feed systems/product and tails withdrawal systems
Especially designed or prepared process systems, or equipment for enrichment plants made of or protected by materials resistant to corrosion by UF6, including:
- Feed autoclaves, ovens, or systems, used for passing UF6 to the enrichment process;
- Desublimers, cold traps or pumps used to remove UF6 from the enrichment process for subsequent transfer upon heating;
- Solidification or liquefaction stations used to remove UF6 from the enrichment process by compressing and converting UF6 to a liquid or solid form;
- ‘Product’ or ‘tails’ stations used for transferring UF6 into containers.
- 2. Header piping systems
Especially designed or prepared piping systems and header systems for handling UF6 within the gaseous diffusion cascades.
Explanatory Note:
This piping network is normally of the 'double' header system with each cell connected to each of the headers.
- 3. Vacuum systems
- Especially designed or prepared vacuum manifolds, vacuum headers and vacuum pumps having a suction capacity of 5 m3/min or more.
- Vacuum pumps especially designed for service in UF6-bearing atmospheres made of, or protected by, materials resistant to corrosion by UF6 (see Explanatory Note to this section). These pumps may be either rotary or positive, may have displacement and fluorocarbon seals, and may have special working fluids present.
- 4. Special shut-off and control valves
Especially designed or prepared bellows-sealed valves, manual or automated, shut-off or control, made of or protected by materials resistant to corrosion by UF6, for installation in main and auxiliary systems of gaseous diffusion enrichment plants.
- 5. UF6 mass spectrometers/ion sources
Especially designed or prepared mass spectrometers capable of taking “on-line samples” from UF6 gas streams and having all of the following:
- 1. Capable of measuring ions of 320 atomic mass units or greater and having a resolution of better than 1 part in 320;
- 2. Ion sources constructed of or protected by nickel, nickel-copper alloys with a nickel content of 60% by weight or more, or nickel-chrome alloys;
- 3. Electron bombardment ionisation sources; and
- 4. Having a collector system suitable for isotopic analysis.
3-2.5.5. Especially designed or prepared systems, equipment and components for use in aerodynamic enrichment plants
Introductory Note:
In aerodynamic enrichment processes, a mixture of gaseous UF6 and light gas (hydrogen or helium) is compressed and then passed through separating elements wherein isotopic separation is accomplished by the generation of high centrifugal forces over a curved-wall geometry. Two processes of this type have been successfully developed: the separation nozzle process and the vortex tube process. For both processes the main components of a separation stage include cylindrical vessels housing the special separation elements (nozzles or vortex tubes), gas compressors and heat exchangers to remove the heat of compression. An aerodynamic plant requires a number of these stages, so that quantities can provide an important indication of end use. Since aerodynamic processes use UF6, all equipment, pipeline and instrumentation surfaces (that come in contact with the gas) must be made of, or protected by materials that remain stable in contact with UF6.
Explanatory Note:
The items listed in this section either come into direct contact with the UF6 process gas or directly control the flow within the cascade. All surfaces which come into contact with the process gas are wholly made of or protected by UF6-resistant materials. For the purposes of the section relating to aerodynamic enrichment items, the materials resistant to corrosion by UF6 include copper, copper alloys, stainless steel, aluminium, aluminium oxide, aluminium alloys, nickel or alloys containing 60% by weight or more nickel and fluorinated hydrocarbon polymers.
- 1. Separation nozzles
Especially designed or prepared separation nozzles and assemblies thereof. The separation nozzles consist of slit-shaped, curved channels having a radius of curvature less than 1 mm, resistant to corrosion by UF6 and having a knife-edge within the nozzle that separates the gas flowing through the nozzle into two fractions.
- 2. Vortex tubes
Especially designed or prepared vortex tubes and assemblies thereof. The vortex tubes are cylindrical or tapered, made of or protected by materials resistant to corrosion by UF6, and with one or more tangential inlets. The tubes may be equipped with nozzle-type appendages at either or both ends.
Explanatory Note:
The feed gas enters the vortex tube tangentially at one end or through swirl vanes, or at numerous tangential positions along the periphery of the tube.
- 3. Compressors and gas blowers
Especially designed or prepared compressors or gas blowers made of or protected by materials resistant to corrosion by the UF6/carrier gas (hydrogen or helium) mixture.
- 4. Rotary shaft seals
Especially designed or prepared rotary shaft seals, with seal feed and seal exhaust connections, for sealing the shaft connecting the compressor rotor or the gas blower rotor with the driver motor so as to ensure a reliable seal against out-leakage of process gas or in-leakage of air or seal gas into the inner chamber of the compressor or gas blower which is filled with a UF6/carrier gas mixture.
- 5. Heat exchangers for gas cooling
Especially designed or prepared heat exchangers made of or protected by materials resistant to corrosion by UF6.
- 6. Separation element housings
Especially designed or prepared separation element housings, made of or protected by materials resistant to corrosion by UF6, for containing vortex tubes or separation nozzles.
- 7. Feed systems/product and tails withdrawal systems
Especially designed or prepared process systems or equipment for enrichment plants, made of or protected by materials resistant to corrosion by UF6, including:
- Feed autoclaves, ovens, or systems used for passing UF6 to the enrichment process;
- Desublimers (or cold traps) used to remove UF6 from the enrichment process for subsequent transfer upon heating;
- Solidification or liquefaction stations used to remove UF6 from the enrichment process by compressing and converting UF6 to a liquid or solid form;
- ‘Product’ or ‘tails’ stations used for transferring UF6 into containers.
- 8. Header piping systems
Especially designed or prepared header piping systems, made of or protected by materials resistant to corrosion by UF6, for handling UF6 within the aerodynamic cascades. This piping network is normally of the 'double' header design with each stage or group of stages connected to each of the headers.
- 9. Vacuum systems and pumps
- Especially designed or prepared vacuum systems consisting of vacuum manifolds, vacuum headers and vacuum pumps, and designed for service in UF6-bearing atmospheres;
- Vacuum pumps especially designed or prepared for service in UF6-bearing atmospheres and made of or protected by materials resistant to corrosion by UF6. These pumps may use fluorocarbon seals and special working fluids.
- 10. Special shut-off and control valves
Especially designed or prepared bellows-sealed valves, manual or automated, shut-off or control made of or protected by materials resistant to corrosion by UF6, with a diameter of 40 mm or greater for installation in main and auxiliary systems of aerodynamic enrichment plants.
- 11. UF6 mass spectrometers/Ion sources
Especially designed or prepared mass spectrometers capable of taking on-line samples from UF6 gas streams and having all of the following:
- 1. Capable of measuring ions of 320 atomic mass units or greater and having a resolution of better than 1 part in 320;
- 2. Ion sources constructed of or protected by nickel, nickel-copper alloys with a nickel content of 60% by weight or more, or nickel-chrome alloys;
- 3. Electron bombardment ionization sources; and
- 4. Having a collector system suitable for isotopic analysis.
- 12. UF6/carrier gas separation systems
Especially designed or prepared process systems for separating UF6 from carrier gas (hydrogen or helium).
Explanatory Note:
These systems are designed to reduce the UF6 content in the carrier gas to 1 ppm or less and may incorporate equipment such as:
- Cryogenic heat exchangers and cryoseparators capable of temperatures of 153 K (-120°C) or less;
- Cryogenic refrigeration units capable of temperatures of 153 K (-120°C) or less;
- Separation nozzle or vortex tube units for the separation of UF6 from carrier gas; or
- UF6 cold traps capable of freezing out UF6.
3-2.5.6. Especially designed or prepared systems, equipment and components for use in chemical exchange or ion exchange enrichment plants
Introductory Note:
The slight difference in mass between the isotopes of uranium causes small changes in chemical reaction equilibria that can be used as a basis for separation of the isotopes. Two processes have been successfully developed: liquid-liquid chemical exchange and solid-liquid ion exchange.
In the liquid-liquid chemical exchange process, immiscible liquid phases (aqueous and organic) are counter currently contacted to give the cascading effect of thousands of separation stages. The aqueous phase consists of uranium chloride in hydrochloric acid solution; the organic phase consists of an extractant containing uranium chloride in an organic solvent. The contactors employed in the separation cascade can be liquid-liquid exchange columns (such as pulsed columns with sieve plates) or liquid centrifugal contactors. Chemical conversions (oxidation and reduction) are required at both ends of the separation cascade in order to provide for the reflux requirements at each end. A major design concern is to avoid contamination of the process streams with certain metal ions. Plastic, plastic-lined (including use of fluorocarbon polymers) and/or glass-lined columns and piping are therefore used.
In the solid-liquid ion-exchange process, enrichment is accomplished by uranium adsorption/desorption on a special, very fast-acting, ion-exchange resin or adsorbent. A solution of uranium in hydrochloric acid and other chemical agents is passed through cylindrical enrichment columns containing packed beds of the adsorbent. For a continuous process, a reflux system is necessary to release the uranium from the adsorbent back into the liquid flow so that ‘product’ and ‘tails’ can be collected. This is accomplished with the use of suitable reduction/oxidation chemical agents that are fully regenerated in separate external circuits and that may be partially regenerated within the isotopic separation columns themselves. The presence of hot concentrated hydrochloric acid solutions in the process requires that the equipment be made of or protected by special corrosion-resistant materials.
- 1. Liquid-liquid exchange columns (Chemical exchange)
Countercurrent liquid-liquid exchange columns having mechanical power input, especially designed or prepared for uranium enrichment using the chemical exchange process. For corrosion resistance to concentrated hydrochloric acid solutions, these columns, and their internals are normally made of or protected by suitable plastic materials (such as fluorinated hydrocarbon polymers) or glass. The stage residence time of the columns is normally designed to be 30 s or less.
- 2. Liquid-liquid centrifugal contactors (Chemical exchange)
Liquid-liquid centrifugal contactors especially designed or prepared for uranium enrichment using the chemical exchange process. Such contactors use rotation to achieve dispersion of the organic and aqueous streams and then centrifugal force to separate the phases. For corrosion resistance to concentrated hydrochloric acid solutions, the contactors are normally made of or protected by suitable plastic materials (such as fluorinated hydrocarbon polymers) or glass. The stage residence time of the centrifugal contactors is normally designed to be 30 s or less.
- 3. Uranium reduction systems and equipment (Chemical exchange)
- Especially designed or prepared electrochemical reduction cells to reduce uranium from one valence state to another for uranium enrichment using the chemical exchange process. The cell materials in contact with process solutions must be corrosion resistant to concentrated hydrochloric acid solutions.
Explanatory Note:
The cell cathodic compartment must be designed to prevent re-oxidation of uranium to its higher valence state. To keep the uranium in the cathodic compartment, the cell may have an impervious diaphragm membrane constructed of special cation exchange material. The cathode consists of a suitable solid conductor such as graphite.
- Especially designed or prepared systems at the product end of the cascade for taking the U+4 out of the organic stream, adjusting the acid concentration and feeding to the electrochemical reduction cells.
Explanatory Note:
These systems consist of solvent extraction equipment for stripping the U+4 from the organic stream into an aqueous solution, evaporation and/or other equipment to accomplish solution pH adjustment and control, and pumps or other transfer devices for feeding to the electrochemical reduction cells. A major design concern is to avoid contamination of the aqueous stream with certain metal ions. Consequently, for those parts in contact with the process stream, the system is constructed of equipment made of or protected by suitable materials (such as glass, fluorocarbon polymers, polyphenyl sulphate, polyether sulphone, and resin-impregnated graphite).
- 4. Feed preparation systems (Chemical exchange)
Especially designed or prepared systems for producing high-purity uranium chloride feed solutions for chemical exchange uranium isotope separation plants.
Explanatory Note:
These systems consist of dissolution, solvent extraction and/or ion exchange equipment for purification and electrolytic cells for reducing the uranium U+6 or U+4 to U+3. These systems produce uranium chloride solutions having only a few parts per million of metallic impurities such as chromium, iron, vanadium, molybdenum and other bivalent or higher multi-valent cations. Materials of construction for portions of the system processing high-purity U+3 include glass, fluorinated hydrocarbon polymers, polyphenyl sulphate or polyether sulphone plastic-lined and resin-impregnated graphite.
- 5. Uranium oxidation systems (Chemical exchange)
Especially designed or prepared systems for oxidation of U+3 to U+4 for return to the uranium isotope separation cascade in the chemical exchange enrichment process.
Explanatory Note:
These systems may incorporate equipment such as:
- Equipment for contacting chlorine and oxygen with the aqueous effluent from the isotope separation equipment and extracting the resultant U+4 into the stripped organic stream returning from the product end of the cascade,
- Equipment that separates water from hydrochloric acid so that the water and the concentrated hydrochloric acid may be reintroduced to the process at the proper locations.
- 6. Fast-reacting ion exchange resins/adsorbents (Ion exchange)
Fast-reacting ion-exchange resins or adsorbents especially designed or prepared for uranium enrichment using the ion exchange process, including porous macroreticular resins, and/or pellicular structures in which the active chemical exchange groups are limited to a coating on the surface of an inactive porous support structure, and other composite structures in any suitable form including particles or fibres. These ion exchange resins/adsorbents have diameters of 0.2 mm or less and must be chemically resistant to concentrated hydrochloric acid solutions as well as physically strong enough so as not to degrade in the exchange columns. The resins/adsorbents are especially designed to achieve very fast uranium isotope exchange kinetics (exchange rate half-time of less than 10 s) and are capable of operating at a temperature in the range of 373 K (100°C) to 473 K (200°C).
- 7. Ion exchange columns (Ion exchange)
Cylindrical columns greater than 1,000 mm in diameter for containing and supporting packed beds of ion exchange resin/adsorbent, especially designed or prepared for uranium enrichment using the ion exchange process. These columns are made of or protected by materials (such as titanium or fluorocarbon plastics) resistant to corrosion by concentrated hydrochloric acid solutions and are capable of operating at a temperature in the range of 373 K (100°C) to 473 K (200°C) and pressures above 0.7 MPa.
- 8. Ion exchange reflux systems (Ion exchange)
- Especially designed or prepared chemical or electrochemical reduction systems for regeneration of the chemical reducing agent used in ion exchange uranium enrichment cascades.
- Especially designed or prepared chemical or electrochemical oxidation systems for regeneration of the chemical oxidising agent (agents) used in ion exchange uranium enrichment cascades.
Explanatory Note:
The ion exchange enrichment process may use, for example, trivalent titanium (Ti+3) as a reducing cation in which case the reduction system would regenerate Ti+3 by reducing Ti+4.
The process may use, for example, trivalent iron (Fe+3) as an oxidant in which case the oxidation system would regenerate Fe+3 by oxidising Fe+2.
3-2.5.7. Especially designed or prepared systems, equipment and components for use in laser-based enrichment plants
Introductory Note:
Present systems for enrichment processes using lasers fall into two categories: those in which the process medium is atomic uranium vapour and those in which the process medium is the vapour of a uranium compound sometimes mixed with another gas or gases. Common nomenclature for such processes include:
- first category - atomic vapour laser isotope separation;
- second category - molecular laser isotope separation, including chemical reaction by isotope selective laser activation.
The systems, equipment and components for laser enrichment plants include:
- Devices to feed uranium-metal vapour (for selective photo-ionization) or devices to feed the vapour of a uranium compound (for selective photo-dissociation or selective excitation/activation);
- Devices to collect enriched and depleted uranium metal as ‘product’ and ‘tails’ in the first category, and devices to collect enriched and depleted uranium compounds as ‘product’ and ‘tails’ in the second category;
- Process laser systems to selectively excite the uranium-235(235U) species;
- Feed preparation and product conversion equipment.
The complexity of the spectroscopy of uranium atoms and compounds may require incorporation of any of a number of available laser and laser optics technologies.
Explanatory Note:
Many of the items listed in this section come into direct contact with uranium metal vapour or liquid or with process gas consisting of UF6 or a mixture of UF6 and other gases. All surfaces that come into direct contact with the uranium or UF6 are wholly made of or protected by corrosion-resistant materials. For the purposes of the section relating to laser-based enrichment items, the materials resistant to corrosion by the vapour or liquid of uranium metal or uranium alloys include yttria-coated graphite and tantalum; and the materials resistant to corrosion by UF6 include copper, copper alloys, stainless steel, aluminium, aluminium oxide, aluminium alloys, nickel or alloys containing 60% by weight or more nickel and fluorinated hydrocarbon polymers.
3-2.5.8. Especially designed or prepared systems, equipment and components for use in plasma separation enrichment plants
Introductory Note:
In the plasma separation process, a plasma of uranium ions passes through an electric field tuned to the 235U ion resonance frequency so that they preferentially absorb energy and increase the diameter of their corkscrew-like orbits. Ions with a large diameter path are trapped to produce a product enriched in 235U. The plasma, which is made by ionising uranium vapour, is contained in a vacuum chamber with a high-strength magnetic field produced by a superconducting magnet. The main technological systems of the process include the uranium plasma generation system, the separator module with superconducting magnet (see Group 4), and metal removal systems for the collection of ‘product’ and ‘tails’.
- 1. Microwave power sources and antennae
Especially designed or prepared microwave power sources and antennae for producing or accelerating ions and having the following characteristics: greater than 30 GHz frequency and greater than 50 kW mean power output for ion production. - 2. Ion excitation coils
Especially designed or prepared radio frequency ion excitation coils for frequencies of more than 100 kHz and capable of handling more than 40 kW mean power. - 3. Uranium plasma generation systems
Especially designed or prepared systems for the generation of uranium plasma, for use in plasma separation plants.
- 4. Not used since
- 5. Uranium metal ‘product’ and ‘tails’ collector assemblies
Especially designed or prepared ‘product’ and ‘tails’ collector assemblies for uranium metal in solid form. These collector assemblies are made of or protected by materials resistant to the heat and corrosion of uranium metal vapour, such as yttria-coated graphite or tantalum. - 6. Separator module housings
Cylindrical vessels especially designed or prepared for use in plasma separation enrichment plants for containing the uranium plasma source, radio-frequency drive coil and the ‘product’ and ‘tails’ collectors.
Explanatory Note:
These housings have a multiplicity of ports for electrical feed-throughs, diffusion pump connections and instrumentation diagnostics and monitoring. They have provisions for opening and closing to allow for refurbishment of internal components and are constructed of a suitable non-magnetic material such as stainless steel.
3-2.5.9. Especially designed or prepared systems, equipment and components for use in electromagnetic enrichment plants
Introductory Note:
In the electromagnetic process, uranium metal ions produced by ionization of a salt feed material (typically uranium tetrachloride (UCL4) are accelerated and passed through a magnetic field that has the effect of causing the ions of different isotopes to follow different paths. The major components of an electromagnetic isotope separator include: a magnetic field for ion-beam diversion/separation of the isotopes, an ion source with its acceleration system, and a collection system for the separated ions. Auxiliary systems for the process include the magnet power supply system, the ion source high-voltage power supply system, the vacuum system, and extensive chemical handling systems for recovery of product and cleaning/recycling of components.
- 1. Electromagnetic isotope separators
Electromagnetic isotope separators especially designed or prepared for the separation of uranium isotopes, and equipment and components therefor, including:- Ion sources
Especially designed or prepared single or multiple uranium ion sources consisting of a vapour source, ioniser, and beam accelerator, constructed of suitable materials such as graphite, stainless steel, or copper, and capable of providing a total ion beam current of 50 mA or greater. - Ion collectors
Collector plates consisting of two or more slits and pockets especially designed or prepared for collection of enriched and depleted uranium ion beams and constructed of suitable materials such as graphite or stainless steel. - Vacuum housings
Especially designed or prepared vacuum housings for uranium electromagnetic separators, constructed of suitable non-magnetic materials such as stainless steel and designed for operation at pressures of 0.1 Pa or lower.
Explanatory Note:
The housings are specially designed to contain the ion sources, collector plates and water-cooled liners and have provision for diffusion pump connections and opening and closing for removal and reinstallation of these components. - Magnet pole pieces
Especially designed or prepared magnet pole pieces having a diameter greater than 2 m and used to maintain a constant magnetic field within an electromagnetic isotope separator and to transfer the magnetic field between adjoining separators.
- 2. High voltage power supplies
Especially designed or prepared high-voltage power supplies for ion sources, having both of the following characteristics:- 1. Capable of continuous operation, output voltage of 20,000 V or greater, output current of 1 A or greater; and
- 2. Voltage regulation of better than 0.01% over a time period of 8 h.
- 3. Magnet power supplies
Especially designed or prepared high-power, direct current magnet power supplies having both of the following characteristics:- 1. Capable of continuously producing a current output of 500 A or greater at a voltage of 100 V or greater; and
- 2. Current or voltage regulation better than 0.01% over a period of 8 h.
3-2.6 Plants for the production or concentration of heavy water, deuterium and deuterium compounds and equipment especially designed or prepared therefor
Introductory Note:
Heavy water can be produced by a variety of processes. Five processes are demonstrated here. Older processes that have proven to be commercially viable are the water-hydrogen sulphide exchange process, the Girdler-Sulphide (GS) process and the ammonia-hydrogen exchange process.
Three newer processes first demonstrated in the early s, are based on catalysed hydrogen-water exchange and have been shown to have the potential for production or upgrading of heavy water on an industrial scale with favourable economics. These processes are: Combined Electrolysis and Catalytic Exchange (CECE), Combined Industrial Reforming and Catalytic Exchange (CIRCE) and Bithermal Hydrogen-Water exchange (BHW).
The GS process is based upon the exchange of hydrogen and deuterium between water and hydrogen sulphide within a series of towers which are operated with the top section cold and the bottom section hot. Water flows down the towers while the hydrogen sulphide gas circulates from the bottom to the top of the towers. A series of perforated trays are used to promote mixing between the gas and the water. Deuterium migrates to the water at low temperatures and to the hydrogen sulphide at high temperatures. Gas or water, enriched in deuterium, is removed from the first stage towers at the junction of the hot and cold sections and the process is repeated in subsequent stage towers. The product of the last stage, water enriched up to 30% by weight in deuterium, is sent to a distillation unit to, produce reactor grade heavy water; i.e., 99.75% by weight deuterium oxide (D2O).
The ammonia-hydrogen exchange process can extract deuterium from synthesis gas through contact with liquid ammonia (NH3) in the presence of a catalyst. The synthesis gas is fed into exchange towers and to an ammonia converter. Inside the towers the gas flows from the bottom to the top while the liquid NH3 flows from the top to the bottom. The deuterium is stripped from the hydrogen in the synthesis gas and concentrated in the NH3. The NH3 then flows into an ammonia cracker at the bottom of the tower while the gas flows into an ammonia converter at the top. Further enrichment takes place in subsequent stages and reactor grade heavy water is produced through final distillation. The synthesis gas feed can be provided by an ammonia plant that, in turn, can be constructed in association with a heavy water ammonia-hydrogen exchange plant. The ammonia-hydrogen exchange process can also use ordinary water as a feed source of deuterium.
Many of the key equipment items for heavy water production plants using GS or the ammonia-hydrogen exchange processes are common to several segments of the chemical and petroleum industries. This is particularly so for small plants using the GS process. However, few of the items are available off-the-shelf. The GS and ammonia hydrogen processes require the handling of large quantities of flammable, corrosive and toxic fluids at elevated pressures.
Accordingly, in establishing the design and operating standards for plants and equipment using these processes, careful attention to the materials selection and specifications is required to ensure long service life with high safety and reliability factors. The choice of scale is primarily a function of economics and need. Thus, most of the equipment items would be prepared according to the requirements of the customer.
Finally, it should be noted that, in both the GS and the ammonia-hydrogen exchange processes, items of equipment which individually are not especially designed or prepared for heavy water production can be assembled into systems which are especially designed or prepared for producing heavy water. The catalyst production system used in the ammonia-hydrogen exchange process and water distillation systems used for the final concentration of heavy water to reactor-grade in either process are examples of such systems.
Of the three main heavy water production processes employing hydrogen-water exchange, two (CECE and CIRCE) are only practical when integrated into large hydrogen production processes where hydrogen is being made for other commercial uses. The third process Bithermal Hydrogen-Water exchange (BHW) could potentially be used in a stand-alone plant. All these processes require large quantities of specialised wet-proofed platinised catalysts installed in long columns to provide good contact with the water flowing down. The CECE process requires such wet-proofed platinised catalyst exchange columns to be provided with hydrogen from a water electrolyser that receives its water feed from the exchange columns. In this way, the heavier isotope (deuterium) will build up a concentration in the electrolyser that receives its water feed from the exchange columns. The electrolyser system may potentially build up its deuterium concentration to almost pure heavy water. In practice the process will be staged and the large first stage typically raises the deuterium concentration by a factor between 5 and 20. The CIRCE process is similar, but uses a steam-hydrocarbon reformer as the source of hydrogen, providing the reformer with its source of water for steam. In all these plants, the CECE process is typically used as the final stage to produce reactor-grade heavy water. It should be noted that the largest hydrogen production plants in the world produce enough hydrogen to extract about 20-60 Mg per year of heavy water using a CECE or CIRCE process. A BHW process is conceptually the same as the GS, but using hydrogen instead of hydrogen sulphide with a catalyst to promote the deuterium transfer. In an arrangement analogous to the GS process, the BHW process exploits the effect of temperature on the equilibrium ratio of deuterium between water and hydrogen. The equilibrium falls with rising temperature. As water flows down through upper cold and lower hot towers, deuterium is enriched between them while hydrogen is circulated up through the hot and cold towers in turn. Water taken from between cold and hot towers is sent on to higher stages for further deuterium enrichment. A BHW process could be built for any scale of production.
The key component in these processes is clearly the specialised wet-proofed platinised catalyst that has proven to be relatively difficult to manufacture on a large scale at reasonable cost. Operating conditions are benign, with non-toxic fluids and catalysts, pressure between atmospheric and about 4 MPa and temperatures in the range 293 K (20°C) to 473 K (200°C). None of the equipment is significantly different from that used in various part of the chemical process industry other than the wet-proofed platinised catalyst.
The items of equipment which are especially designed or prepared for the production of heavy water utilising any of the technologies described above include the following:
- 1. Water-hydrogen sulphide exchange towers
Exchange towers with diameters of 1.5 m or greater and capable of operating at pressures greater than or equal to 2 MPa, especially designed or prepared for heavy water production utilising the water-hydrogen sulphide exchange process. - 2. Blowers and compressors
Single stage, low head (i.e., 0.2 MPa) centrifugal blowers or compressors for hydrogen-sulphide gas circulation (i.e., gas containing more than 70% by weight hydrogen sulphide, H2S) especially designed or prepared for heavy water production utilizing the water-hydrogen sulphide exchange process. These blowers or compressors have a throughput capacity greater than or equal to 5 m3/s while operating at pressures greater than or equal to 1.8 MPa suction and have seals designed for wet H2S service. - 3. Ammonia-hydrogen exchange towers
Ammonia-hydrogen exchange towers greater than or equal to 35 m in height with diameters of 1.5 m or greater capable of operating at pressures greater than 15 MPa especially designed or prepared for heavy water production utilising the ammonia-hydrogen exchange process. These towers also have at least one flanged, axial opening of the same diameter as the cylindrical part through which the tower internals can be inserted or withdrawn. - 4. Tower internals and stage pumps
Tower internals and stage pumps especially designed or prepared for towers for heavy water production utilising the ammonia-hydrogen exchange process. Tower internals include especially designed stage contactors which promote intimate gas/liquid contact. Stage pumps include especially designed submersible pumps for circulation of liquid NH3 within a contacting stage internal to the stage towers. - 5. NH3 crackers
NH3 crackers with operating pressures greater than or equal to 3 MPa especially designed or prepared for heavy water production utilizing the ammonia-hydrogen exchange process. - 6. Not used since
- 7. Catalytic burners
Catalytic burners for the conversion of enriched deuterium gas into heavy water especially designed or prepared for heavy water production utilizing the ammonia-hydrogen exchange process. - 8. Complete heavy water finishing units, upgrade systems or columns therefor
Complete heavy water upgrade systems, or columns with diameters of 0.1 m or greater, especially designed or prepared for the upgrade of heavy water to reactor-grade deuterium concentration.
Explanatory Note:
Heavy water upgrade systems typically support the operation of a heavy water moderated nuclear reactor or are part of a GS heavy water production plant (in which case they are commonly termed ‘finishing units’). Upgraders separate heavy water from light water. Such systems usually employ water distillation, but may also be based on the CECE process. In heavy water moderated nuclear reactors, upgraders maintain the heavy water concentration in the reactor core. - 9. NH3 synthesis converters or synthesis units
NH3 synthesis converters or synthesis units especially designed or prepared for heavy water production utilising the ammonia-hydrogen exchange process.
Explanatory Note:
These converters or units take synthesis gas (nitrogen and hydrogen) from an NH3/hydrogen high-pressure exchange column (or columns), and the synthesized NH3 is returned to the exchange column (or columns). - 10. Columns or towers packed with hydrogen isotope exchange catalyst
Complete columns or towers especially designed or prepared for hydrogen isotope exchange having all of the following:- Packed with random or structured wet-proofed platinised catalysts;
- Constructed of carbon steel or stainless steel;
- Capable of operating with pressure in the range of 0.1 to 4 MPa; and
- Capable of operating at temperatures in the range of 293 K (20°C) to 473 K (200°C).
Explanatory Note:
In heavy water production processes, primary stage catalyst columns have typical diameters greater than 0.5 m and typical heights greater than 10 m. In heavy water upgraders, a typical minimum practical diameter is 0.1 m.
3-2.7. Plants for the conversion of uranium and plutonium for use in the fabrication of fuel elements and the separation of uranium isotopes as defined in Items 3-2.4. and 3-2.5. respectively, and equipment especially designed or prepared therefor
3-2.7.1. Plants for the conversion of uranium and equipment especially designed or prepared therefor
Introductory Note:
Uranium conversion plants and systems may perform one or more transformations from one uranium chemical species to another, including: conversion of uranium ore concentrates to uranium trioxide (UO3), conversion of UO3 to uranium dioxide (UO2), conversion of uranium oxides to uranium tetrafluoride (UF4), UF6, or UCl4, conversion of UF4 to UF6, conversion of UF6 to UF4, conversion of UF4 to uranium metal, and conversion of uranium fluorides to UO2.
Many of the key equipment items for uranium conversion plants are common to several segments of the chemical process industry. For example, the types of equipment employed in these processes may include: furnaces, rotary kilns, fluidized bed reactors, flame tower reactors, liquid centrifuges, distillation columns and liquid-liquid extraction columns. However, few of the items are available 'off-the-shelf ', most would be prepared according to the requirements and specifications of the customer. In some instances, special design and construction considerations are required to address the corrosive properties of some of the chemicals handled hydrogen fluoride (HF), fluorine (F2),chlorine trifluoride (ClF3), and uranium fluorides) as well as nuclear criticality concerns. Finally, it should be noted that, in all of the uranium conversion processes, items of equipment which individually are not especially designed or prepared for uranium conversion can be assembled into systems which are especially designed or prepared for use in uranium conversion.
- 1. Especially designed or prepared systems for the conversion of uranium ore concentrates to UO3
Explanatory Note:
Conversion of uranium ore concentrates to UO3 can be performed by first dissolving the ore in nitric acid and extracting purified uranyl nitrate (UO2(NO3)2) using a solvent such as tributyl phosphate (TBP). Next, the uranyl nitrate is converted to UO3 either by concentration and denitration or by neutralization with gaseous NH3 to produce ammonium diuranate with subsequent filtering, drying, and calcining. - 2. Especially designed or prepared systems for the conversion of UO3 to UF6
Explanatory Note:
Conversion of UO3 to UF6 can be performed directly by fluorination. The process requires a source of F2 or ClF3. - 3. Especially designed or prepared systems for the conversion of UO3 to UO2
Explanatory Note:
Conversion of UO3 to UO2 can be performed through reduction of UO3 with cracked gaseous NH3 or hydrogen. - 4. Especially designed or prepared systems for the conversion of UO2 to UF4
Explanatory Note:
Conversion of UO2 to UF4 can be performed by reacting UO2 with gaseous HF at 573-773 K (300-500°C). - 5. Especially designed or prepared systems for the conversion of UF4 to UF6
Explanatory Note:
Conversion of UF4 to UF6 is performed by exothermic reaction with fluorine in a tower reactor. UF6 is condensed from the hot effluent gases by passing the effluent stream through a cold trap cooled to 263 K (-10°C). The process requires a source of gaseous F2. - 6. Especially designed or prepared systems for the conversion of UF4 to uranium metal
Explanatory Note:
Conversion of UF4 to uranium metal is performed by reduction with magnesium (large batches) or calcium (small batches). The reaction is carried out at temperatures above the melting point of uranium (1,403 K (1,130°C)). - 7. Especially designed or prepared systems for the conversion of UF6 to UO2
Explanatory Note:
Conversion of UF6 to UO2 can be performed by one of three processes. In the first, UF6 is reduced and hydrolyzed to UO2 using hydrogen and steam. In the second, UF6 is hydrolyzed by solution in water, NH3 is added to precipitate ammonium diuranate, and the diuranate is reduced to UO2 with hydrogen at 1,093 K (820°C). In the third process, gaseous UF6, CO2, and NH3 are combined in water, precipitating ammonium uranyl carbonate. The ammonium uranyl carbonate is combined with steam and hydrogen at 773-873 K (500-600°C) to yield UO2. UF6 to UO2 conversion is often performed as the first stage of a fuel fabrication plant.
- 8. Especially designed or prepared systems for the conversion of UF6 to UF4
Explanatory Note:
Conversion of UF6 to UF4 is performed by reduction with hydrogen. - 9. Especially designed or prepared systems for the conversion of UO2 to UCl4
Explanatory Note:
Conversion of UO2 to UCl4 can be performed by one of two processes. In the first, UO2 is reacted with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) at approximately 673 K (400°C). In the second, UO2 is reacted at approximately 973 K (700°C) in the presence of carbon black (CAS -86-4), carbon monoxide, and chlorine to yield UCl4.
3-2.7.2. Plants for the conversion of plutonium and equipment especially designed or prepared therefor
Introductory Note:
Plutonium conversion plants and systems perform one or more transformations from one plutonium chemical species to another, including: conversion of plutonium nitrate (PuN) to plutonium dioxide (PuO2), conversion of PuO2 to plutonium tetrafluoride (PuF4 ), and conversion of PuF4 to plutonium metal. Plutonium conversion plants are usually associated with reprocessing facilities, but may also be associated with plutonium fuel fabrication facilities. Many of the key equipment items for plutonium conversion plants are common to several segments of the chemical process industry. For example, the types of equipment employed in these processes may include: furnaces, rotary kilns, fluidised bed reactors, flame tower reactors, liquid centrifuges, distillation columns and liquid-liquid extraction columns. Hot cells, glove boxes and remote manipulators may also be required. However, few of the items are available off-the-shelf; most would be prepared according to the requirements and specifications of the customer. Particular care in designing for the special radiological, toxicity and criticality hazards associated with plutonium is essential.
In some instances, special design and construction considerations are required to address the corrosive properties of some of the chemicals handled (e.g. HF). Finally, it should be noted that, for all plutonium conversion processes, items of equipment which individually are not especially designed or prepared for plutonium conversion can be assembled into systems which are especially designed or prepared for use in plutonium conversion.
- 1. Especially designed or prepared systems for the conversion of plutonium nitrate to oxide
Explanatory Note:
The main functions involved in this process are: process feed storage and adjustment, precipitation and solid/liquor separation, calcination, product handling, ventilation, waste management, and process control. The process systems are particularly adapted so as to avoid criticality and radiation effects and to minimize toxicity hazards. In most reprocessing facilities, this process involves the conversion of PuN to PuO2. Other processes can involve the precipitation of plutonium oxalate or plutonium peroxide. - 2. Especially designed or prepared systems for plutonium metal production
Explanatory Note:
This process usually involves the fluorination of PuO2, normally with highly corrosive HF, to produce plutonium fluoride which is subsequently reduced using high purity calcium metal to produce metallic plutonium and a calcium fluoride slag. The main functions involved in this process are fluorination (e.g. involving equipment fabricated or lined with a precious metal), metal reduction (e.g. employing ceramic crucibles), slag recovery, product handling, ventilation, waste management and process control. The process systems are, particularly adapted so as to avoid criticality and radiation effects and to minimise toxicity hazards. Other, processes include the fluorination of plutonium oxalate or plutonium peroxide followed by a reduction to metal.
3-3. Software
“Software” especially designed or modified for the “development”, “production”, or “use” of items specified in Group 3.
3-4. Technology
“Technology” according to the Nuclear Technology Note for the “development”, “production”, or “use” of items specified in Group 3.
Group 4 – Nuclear-Related Dual-Use List
(All destinations. All destinations applies to all Group 4 Items.)
Note:
Terms in ‘single quotations’ are usually defined within each entry of the list.
Terms in “double quotations” are defined at the end of Group 4.
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC) Note:
The export of nuclear and nuclear-related items is also controlled by the CNSC under the Nuclear Safety and Control Act (NSCA) and Regulations. Therefore, the export of nuclear and nuclear-related items, not listed in Group 4 or which meet the specific Group 4 decontrol notes may still require a license from the CNSC. Information on export licensing requirements under the NSCA may be obtained by contacting the CNSC.
General Technology Note:
The export of “technology” required for the “development”, “production” or “use” of items controlled in Group 4, is controlled according to the provisions of Group 4. This “technology” remains under control even when applicable to non-controlled items.
The approval of items for export also authorizes the export to the same end-user of the minimum “technology” required for the installation, operation, maintenance and repair of the items.
Controls on “technology” transfer, do not apply to information “in the public domain” or to “basic scientific research”.
General Software Note:
The transfer of “software” is controlled according to Group 4. The approval of any Group 4 item for export also authorises the export, or transfer, to the same end user of the minimum “software”, excluding source code, required for the installation, operation, maintenance or repair of the item.
Note:
The General Software Note also authorises export of “software”, excluding source code, intended to only correct defects (bug fixes) in a previously legally exported item, provided that the capability and/or performance of the item are not otherwise enhanced.
Note:
Controls on “software” transfers do not apply to “software” as follows:
- 1. Generally available to the public by being:
- Sold from stock at retail selling points, without restriction; and
- Designed for installation by the user without further substantial support by the supplier; or
- 2. “In the public domain”.
- Principal Element General Note
The object of these controls should not be defeated by the transfer of any non-controlled item (including plants) containing one or more controlled components when the controlled component or components are the principal element of the item and can feasibly be removed or used for other purposes.
Note:
In judging whether the controlled component or components are to be considered the principal element, governments should weigh the factors of quantity, value, and technological know-how involved and other special circumstances which might establish the controlled component or components as the principal element of the item being procured.
4-1. Industrial Equipment
4-1.A Equipment, Assemblies and Components
- 1. High-density (lead glass or other) radiation shielding windows, having all of the following characteristics, and specially designed frames therefor:
- A ‘cold area’ greater than 0.09 m2;
- A density greater than 3 g/cm3; and
- A thickness of 100 mm or greater.
Technical Note:
In Item 4-1.A.1.a. the term ‘cold area’ means the viewing area of the window exposed to the lowest level of radiation in the design application.
- 2. Radiation-hardened TV cameras, or lenses therefor, specially designed or rated as radiation hardened to withstand a total radiation dose greater than 5 x 104 Gy (silicon) without operational degradation.
Technical Note:
The term Gy (silicon) refers to the energy in Joules per kilogram absorbed by an unshielded silicon sample when exposed to ionising radiation.
- 3. 'Robots', 'end-effectors' and control units as follows:
Note:
Item 4-1.A.3. does not control 'robots' specially designed for non-nuclear industrial applications such as automobile paint-spraying booths.
Technical Notes:
- 1. ‘Robots’
In Item 4-1.A.3. ‘robot’ means a manipulation mechanism, which may be of the continuous path or of the point-to-point variety, may use ‘sensors’, and has all of the following characteristics: - is multifunctional;
- is capable of positioning or orienting material, parts, tools, or special devices through variable movements in three-dimensional space;
- incorporates three or more closed or open loop servo-devices which may include stepping motors; and
- has ‘user-accessible programmability’ by means of teach/playback method or by means of an electronic computer which may be a programmable logic controller, i.e., without mechanical intervention.
N.B.1:
In the above definition ‘sensors’ means detectors of a physical phenomenon, the output of which (after conversion into a signal that can be interpreted by a control unit) is able to generate “programs” or modify programmed instructions or numerical “program” data. This includes ‘sensors’ with machine vision, infrared imaging, acoustical imaging, tactile feel, inertial position measuring, optical or acoustic ranging or force or torque measuring capabilities.
N.B.2:
In the above definition ‘user-accessible programmability’ means the facility allowing a user to insert, modify or replace “programs” by means other than:
- a physical change in wiring or interconnections; or
- the setting of function controls including entry of parameters.
N.B.3:
The above definition does not include the following devices:
- Manipulation mechanisms which are only manually/teleoperator controllable;
- Fixed sequence manipulation mechanisms which are automated moving devices operating according to mechanically fixed programmed motions. The “program” is mechanically limited by fixed stops, such as pins or cams. The sequence of motions and the selection of paths or angles are not variable or changeable by mechanical, electronic, or electrical means;
- Mechanically controlled variable sequence manipulation mechanisms which are automated moving devices operating according to mechanically fixed programmed motions. The “program” is mechanically limited by fixed, but adjustable, stops such as pins or cams. The sequence of motions and the selection of paths or angles are variable within the fixed “program” pattern. Variations or modifications of the “program” pattern (e.g., changes of pins or exchanges of cams) in one or more motion axes are accomplished only through mechanical operations;
- Non-servo-controlled variable sequence manipulation mechanisms which are automated moving devices, operating according to mechanically fixed programmed motions. The “program” is variable but the sequence proceeds only by the binary signal from mechanically fixed electrical binary devices or adjustable stops;
- Stacker cranes defined as Cartesian coordinate manipulator systems manufactured as an integral part of a vertical array of storage bins and designed to access the contents of those bins for storage or retrieval.
- 2. ‘End-effectors’
In Item 4-1.A.3. ‘end-effectors’ are grippers, ‘active tooling units’, and any other tooling that is attached to the baseplate on the end of a ‘robot’ manipulator arm.
N.B.:
In the above definition ‘active tooling units’ is a device for applying motive power, process energy or sensing to the workpiece.
- 4. Remote manipulators that can be used to provide remote actions in radiochemical separation operations or hot cells, having either of the following characteristics:
- A capability of penetrating 0.6 m or more of hot cell wall (through-the-wall operation); or
- A capability of bridging over the top of a hot cell wall with a thickness of 0.6 m or more (over-the-wall operation).
Technical Note:
Remote manipulators provide translation of human operator actions to a remote operating arm and terminal fixture. They may be of a master/slave type or operated by joystick or keypad.
4-1.B. Test and Production Equipment
4-1.B.1. Flow-forming machines, spin-forming machines capable of flow-forming functions, and mandrels, as follows:
- Machines having both of the following characteristics:
- 1. Three or more rollers (active or guiding); and
- 2. Which, according to the manufacturer’s technical specification, can be equipped with “numerical control” units or a computer control;
- Rotor-forming mandrels designed to form cylindrical rotors of inside diameter between 75 and 650 mm.
Note:
Item 4-1.B.1.a includes machines which have only a single roller designed to deform metal plus two auxiliary rollers which support the mandrel, but do not participate directly in the deformation process.
4-1.B.2. Machine tools, as follows, and any combination thereof, for removing or cutting metals, ceramics, or composites, which, according to the manufacturer’s technical specifications, can be equipped with electronic devices for simultaneous “contouring control” in two or more axes:
N.B.:
For “numerical control” units controlled by their associated “software”, see Item 4-1.D.3.
Notes:
- 1. Stated “positioning accuracy” levels derived under the following procedures from measurements made according to ISO 230/2 () or national equivalents may be used for each machine tool model if provided to, and accepted by, national authorities instead of individual machine tests.
Stated “positioning accuracy” levels are to be derived as follows: - Select five machines of a model to be evaluated;
- Measure the linear axis accuracies according to ISO 230/2 ();
- Determine the accuracy values (A) for each axis of each machine. The method of calculating the accuracy value is described in the ISO 230/2 () standard;
- Determine the average accuracy value of each axis. This average value becomes the stated “positioning accuracy” of each axis for the model (Âx, Ây...);
- Since Item 4-1.B.2. refers to each linear axis, there will be as many stated “positioning accuracy” values as there are linear axes;
- If any axis of a machine tool not controlled by Items 4-1.B.2.a., 4-1.B.2.b., or 4-1.B.2.c. has a stated “positioning accuracy” of 6 μm or better (less) for grinding machines, and 8 μm or better (less) for milling and turning machines, both according to ISO 230/2 (), then the builder should be required to reaffirm the accuracy level once every eighteen months.
- 2. Item 4-1.B.2. does not control special purpose machine tools limited to the manufacture of any of the following parts
- Gears;
- Crankshafts or cam shafts;
- Tools or cutters;
- Extruder worms.
Technical Notes:
- 1. Axis nomenclature shall be in accordance with ISO 841(), "Numerical Control Machines - Axis and Motion Nomenclature”.
- 2. Not counted in the total number of contouring axes are secondary parallel contouring axes (e.g., the w-axis on horizontal boring mills or a secondary rotary axis the centerline of which is parallel to the primary rotary axis).
- 3. Rotary axes do not necessarily have to rotate over 360 degrees. A rotary axis can be driven by a linear device, e.g., a screw or a rack-and-pinion.
- 4. For the purposes of 4-1.B.2. the number of axes which can be coordinated simultaneously for “contouring control” is the number of axes along or around which, during processing of the workpiece, simultaneous and interrelated motions are performed between the workpiece and a tool. This does not include any additional axes along or around which other relative motions within the machine are performed, such as:
- Wheel-dressing systems in grinding machines;
- Parallel rotary axes designed for mounting of separate workpieces;
- Co-linear rotary axes designed for manipulating the same workpiece by holding it in a chuck from different ends.
- 5. A machine tool having at least 2 of the 3 turning, milling, or grinding capabilities (e.g., a turning machine with milling capability) must be evaluated against each applicable entry, 4-1.B.2.a., 4-1.B.2.b. and 4-1.B.2.c.
- 6. Items 4-1.B.2.b.3. and 4-1.B.2.c.3. include machines based on a parallel linear kinematic design (e.g., hexapods) that have 5 or more axes none of which is a rotary axis.
4-1.B.3. Dimensional inspection machines, instruments, or systems, as follows:
4-1.B.4. Controlled atmosphere (vacuum or inert gas) induction furnaces and power supplies therefor, as follows:
4-1.B.5. ‘Isostatic presses’, and related equipment, as follows:
- ‘Isostatic presses’ having both of the following characteristics:
- 1. Capable of achieving a maximum working pressure of 69 MPa or greater; and
- 2. A chamber cavity with an inside diameter in excess of 152 mm;
- Dies, molds, and controls specially designed for the ‘isostatic presses’ specified in Item 4-1.B.5.a.
Technical Notes:
- 1. In Item 4-1.B.5. ‘Isostatic presses’ means equipment capable of pressurising a closed cavity through various media (gas, liquid, solid particles, etc.) to create equal pressure in all directions within the cavity upon a workpiece or material.
- 2. In Item 4-1.B.5. the inside chamber dimension is that of the chamber in which both the working temperature and the working pressure are achieved and does not include fixtures. That dimension will be the smaller of either the inside diameter of the pressure chamber or the inside diameter of the insulated furnace chamber, depending on which of the two chambers is located inside the other.
4-1.B.6. Vibration test systems, equipment, and components as follows:
- Electrodynamic vibration test systems, having all of the following characteristics:
- 1. Employing feedback or closed loop control techniques and incorporating a digital control unit;
- 2. Capable of vibrating at 10 g0 root mean square (RMS) or more between 20 and Hz; and
- 3. Capable of imparting forces of 50 kN or greater measured ‘bare table’;
- Digital control units, combined with “software” specially designed for vibration testing, with a real-time bandwidth greater than 5 kHz and being designed for a system specified in Item 4-1.B.6.a.;
- Vibration thrusters (shaker units), with or without associated amplifiers, capable of imparting a force of 50 kN or greater measured ‘bare table’, which are usable for the systems specified in Item 4-1.B.6.a.;
- Test piece support structures and electronic units designed to combine multiple shaker units into a complete shaker system capable of providing an effective combined force of 50 kN or greater, measured ‘bare table’, which are usable for the systems specified in Item 4-1.B.6.a.
Technical Note:
In Item 4-1.B.6. ‘bare table’ means a flat table, or surface, with no fixtures or fittings.
4-1.B.7. Vacuum or other controlled atmosphere metallurgical melting and casting furnaces and related equipment, as follows:
- Arc remelt furnaces, arc melt furnaces and arc melt and casting furnaces having both of the following characteristics:
- 1. Consumable electrode capacities between 1,000 and 20,000 cm3; and
- 2. Capable of operating with melting temperatures above 1,973 K (1,700°C);
- Electron beam melting furnaces, plasma atomization furnaces and plasma melting furnaces, having both of the following characteristics:
- 1. A power of 50 kW or greater; and
- 2. Capable of operating with melting temperatures above 1,473 K (1,200°C);
- Computer control and monitoring systems specially configured for any of the furnaces specified in Item 4-1.B.7.a. or 4-1.B.7.b.
- Plasma torches specially designed for the furnaces specified in 4-1.B.7.b. having both of the following characteristics:
- 1. Operating at a power greater than 50 kW; and
- 2. Capable of operating above 1,473 K (1,200°C);
- Electron beam guns specially designed for the furnaces specified in 4-1.B.7.b. operating at a power greater than 50 kW.
4-1.C. Materials
None
4-1.D. Software
4-1.E. Technology
- 1. “Technology” according to the General Technology Note for the “development”, “production” or “use” of equipment, material or “software” specified in 4-1.A. through 4-1.D.
4-2. Materials
4-2.A. Equipment, Assemblies and Components
4-2.B. Test and Production Equipment
- 1. Tritium facilities or plants, and equipment therefor, as follows:
- Facilities or plants for the production, recovery, extraction, concentration or handling of tritium;
- Equipment for tritium facilities or plants, as follows:
- 1. Hydrogen or helium refrigeration units capable of cooling to 23 K (-250°C) or less, with heat removal capacity greater than 150 W;
- 2. Hydrogen isotope storage or hydrogen isotope purification systems using metal hydrides as the storage or purification medium.
- 2. Lithium isotope separation facilities or plants, and systems and equipment therefor, as follows:
N.B.:
Certain lithium isotope separation equipment and components for the plasma separation process (PSP) are also directly applicable to uranium isotope separation and are controlled under Group 3.- Facilities or plants for the separation of lithium isotopes;
- Equipment for the separation of lithium isotopes based on the lithium-mercury amalgam process, as follows:
- 1. Packed liquid-liquid exchange columns specially designed for lithium amalgams;
- 2. Mercury or lithium amalgam pumps;
- 3. Lithium amalgam electrolysis cells;
- 4. Evaporators for concentrated lithium hydroxide solution;
- Ion exchange systems specially designed for lithium isotope separation, and specially designed component parts therefor;
- Chemical exchange systems (employing crown ethers, cryptands, or lariat ethers) specially designed for lithium isotope separation, and specially designed component parts therefor.
4-2.C. Materials
4-2.C.1. Aluminium alloys having both of the following characteristics:
- ‘Capable of’ an ultimate tensile strength of 460 MPa or more at 293 K (20°C); and
- In the form of tubes or cylindrical solid forms (including forgings) with an outside diameter of more than 75 mm.
Technical Note:
In Item 4-2.C.1. the phrase ‘capable of’ encompasses aluminium alloys before or after heat treatment.
4-2.C.2. Beryllium metal, alloys containing more than 50% beryllium by weight, beryllium compounds, manufactures thereof, and waste or scrap of any of the foregoing.
Note:
Item 4-2.C.2. does not control the following:
- Metal windows for X-ray machines or for bore-hole logging devices;
- Oxide shapes in fabricated or semi-fabricated forms specially designed for electronic component parts or as substrates for electronic circuits;
- Beryl (silicate of beryllium and aluminium) in the form of emeralds or aquamarines.
4-2.C.3. Bismuth having both of the following characteristics:
- A purity of 99.99% or greater by weight; and
- Containing less than 10 ppm (parts per million) by weight of silver.
4-2.C.4. Boron enriched in the boron-10 (10B) isotope to greater than its natural isotopic abundance as follows: elemental boron, compounds, mixtures containing boron, manufactures thereof, waste or scrap of any of the foregoing.
Note:
In Item 4-2.C.4. mixtures containing boron include boron loaded materials.
Technical Note:
The natural isotopic abundance of boron-10 is approximately 18.5 weight percent (20 atom percent).
4-2.C.5. Calcium having both of the following characteristics:
- Containing less than 1,000 ppm by weight of metallic impurities other than magnesium; and
- Containing less than 10 ppm by weight of boron.
4-2.C.6. Chlorine trifluoride (ClF3).
4-2.C.7. “Fibrous or filamentary materials”, and prepregs, as follows:
- Carbon or aramid “fibrous or filamentary materials” having either of the following characteristics:
- 1. A ‘specific modulus’ of 12.7 x 106 m or greater; or
- 2. A ‘specific tensile strength’ of 23.5 x 104 m or greater;
Note:
Item 4-2.C.7.a. does not control aramid “fibrous or filamentary materials” having 0.25% or more by weight of an ester based fibre surface modifier.
- Glass “fibrous or filamentary materials” having both of the following characteristics:
- 1. A ‘specific modulus’ of 3.18 x 106 m or greater; and
- 2. A ‘specific tensile strength’ of 7.62 x 104 m or greater;
- Thermoset resin impregnated continuous “yarns”, “rovings”, “tows” or “tapes” with a width of 15 mm or less (prepregs), made from carbon or glass “fibrous or filamentary materials” specified in Item 4-2.C.7.a. or Item 4-2.C.7.b.
Technical Note:
The resin forms the matrix of the composite.
Technical Notes:
- 1. In Item 4-2.C.7. ‘Specific modulus’ is the Young’s modulus in N/m2 divided by the specific weight in N/m3 when measured at a temperature of 296 ± 2 K (23 ± 2°C) and a relative humidity of 50 ± 5%.
- 2. In Item 4-2.C.7. ‘Specific tensile strength’ is the ultimate tensile strength in N/m2 divided by the specific weight in N/m3 when measured at a temperature of 296 ± 2 K (23 ± 2°C) and a relative humidity of 50 ± 5%.
4-2.C.8. Hafnium metal, alloys containing more than 60% hafnium by weight, hafnium compounds containing more than 60% hafnium by weight, manufactures thereof, and waste or scrap of any of the foregoing.
4-2.C.9. Lithium enriched in the lithium-6 (6Li) isotope to greater than its natural isotopic abundance and products or devices containing enriched lithium, as follows: elemental lithium, alloys, compounds, mixtures containing lithium, manufactures thereof, waste or scrap of any of the foregoing.
Note:
Item 4-2.C.9. does not control thermoluminescent dosimeters.
Technical Note:
The natural isotopic abundance of lithium-6 is approximately 6.5 weight percent (7.5 atom percent).
4-2.C.10. Magnesium having both of the following characteristics:
- Containing less than 200 ppm by weight of metallic impurities other than calcium; and
- Containing less than 10 ppm by weight of boron.
4-2.C.11. Maraging steel ‘capable of’ an ultimate tensile strength of 1,950 MPa or more at 293 K (20°C).
Note:
Item 4-2.C.11. does not control forms in which all linear dimensions are 75mm or less.
Technical Note:
In Item 4-2.C.11. the phrase ‘capable of’ encompasses maraging steel before or after heat treatment.
4-2.C.12., Radium-226 (226Ra), radium-226 alloys, radium-226 compounds, mixtures containing radium-226, manufactures thereof, and products or devices containing any of the foregoing.
Note:
Item 4-2.C.12. does not control the following:
- Medical applicators;
- A product or device containing less than 0.37 GBq of radium-226.
4-2.C.13. Titanium alloys having both of the following characteristics:
- ‘Capable of’ an ultimate tensile strength of 900 MPa or more at 293 K (20°C); and
- In the form of tubes or cylindrical solid forms (including forgings) with an outside diameter of more than 75 mm.
Technical Note:
In Item 4-2.C.13. the phrase ‘capable of’ encompasses titanium alloys before or after heat treatment.
4-2.C.14. Tungsten, tungsten carbide, and alloys containing more than 90% tungsten by weight, having both of the following characteristics:
- In forms with a hollow cylindrical symmetry (including cylinder segments) with an inside diameter between 100 and 300 mm; and
- A mass greater than 20 kg.
Note:
Item 4-2.C.14. does not control manufactures specially designed as weights or gamma-ray collimators.
4-2.C.15. Zirconium with a hafnium content of less than 1 part hafnium to 500 parts zirconium by weight, as follows: metal, alloys containing more than 50% zirconium by weight, compounds, manufactures thereof, waste or scrap of any of the foregoing.
Note:
Item 4-2.C.15. does not control zirconium in the form of foil having a thickness of 0.10 mm or less.
4-2.C.16. Nickel powder and porous nickel metal, as follows:
N.B.:
For nickel powders which are especially prepared for the manufacture of gaseous diffusion barriers see Group 3, Item 3-2.5.3.
Note:
Item 4-2.C.16. does not control the following:
- Filamentary nickel powders;
- Single porous nickel metal sheets with an area of 1,000 cm2 per sheet or less.
4-2.C.17. Tritium, tritium compounds, mixtures containing tritium in which the ratio of tritium to hydrogen atoms exceeds 1 part in 1,000, and products or devices containing any of the foregoing.
Note:
Item 4-2.C.17. does not control a product or device containing less than 1.48 x 103 GBq of tritium.
4-2.C.18. Helium-3 (3He), mixtures containing helium-3, and products or devices containing any of the foregoing.
Note:
Item 4-2.C.18. does not control a product or device containing less than 1 g of helium-3.
4-2.C.19. Radionuclides appropriate for making neutron sources based on alpha-n reaction:
Actinium-225(225Ac), Curium-244(244Cm), Polonium-209(209Po), Actinium-227(227Ac), Einsteinium-253(253Es), Polonium-210(210Po), Californium-253(253Cf), Einsteinium-254(254Es), Radium-223(223Ra), Curium-240( 240Cm), Gadolinium-148(148Gd), Thorium-227(227Th), Curium-241(241Cm), Plutonium-236(236Pu), Thorium-228(228Th), Curium-242(242Cm), Plutonium-238(238Pu), Uranium-230(230U), Curium-243(243Cm), Polonium-208(208Pu), Uranium-232(232U).
In the following forms:
- Elemental;
- Compounds having a total activity of 37 GBq per kg or greater;
- Mixtures having a total activity of 37 GBq per kg or greater;
- Products or devices containing any of the foregoing.
Note:
Item 4-2.C.19. does not control a product or device containing less than 3.7 GBq of activity.
4-2.C.20 Rhenium and alloys containing 90% by weight or more rhenium, and alloys of rhenium and tungsten containing 90% by weight or more of any combination of rhenium and tungsten, having both of the following characteristics:
- In forms with a hollow cylindrical symmetry (including cylinder segments) with an inside diameter between 100 and 300 mm; and
- A mass greater than 20 kg.
4-2.D. Software
None
4-2.E. Technology
- 1. “Technology” according to the General Technology Note for the “development”, “production” or “use” of equipment, material or “software” specified in 4-2.A. through 4-2.D.
4-3. Uranium Isotope Separation Equipment and Components (other than Listed in Group 3)
4-3.A. Equipment, Assemblies and Components
4-3.A.1. Frequency changers or generators, usable as a variable frequency or fixed frequency motor drive, having all of the following characteristics:
N.B.:
- 1. Frequency changers and generators especially designed or prepared for the gas centrifuge process are controlled under Group 3, Item 3-2.5.1.
- 2. “Software” specially designed to enhance or release the performance of frequency changers or generators to meet the characteristics below is controlled in 4-3.D.2. and 4-3.D.3.
- Multiphase output providing a power of 40 VA or greater;
- Operating at a frequency of 600 Hz or more; and
- Frequency control better (less) than 0.2%.
Notes:
- 1. Item 4-3.A.1. only controls frequency changers intended for specific industrial machinery and/or consumer goods (machine tools, vehicles, etc.) if the frequency changers can meet the characteristics above when removed, and subject to the Principal Element General Note.
- 2. For the purpose of export control, Global Affairs Canada will determine whether or not a particular frequency changer meets the characteristics above, taking into account hardware and software constraints.
Technical Notes:
- 1. Frequency changers in Item 4-3.A.1. are also known as converters or inverters.
- 2. The characteristics specified in item 4-3.A.1. may be met by certain equipment marketed such as: Generators, Electronic Test Equipment, AC Power Supplies, Variable Speed Motor Drives, Variable Speed Drives (VSDs), Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs), Adjustable Frequency Drives (AFDs), or Adjustable Speed Drives (ASDs).
4-3.A.2. Lasers, laser amplifiers and oscillators as follows:
- Copper vapour lasers having both of the following characteristics:
- 1. Operating at wavelengths between 500 and 600 nm; and
- 2. An average output power equal to or greater than 30 W;
- Argon ion lasers having both of the following characteristics:
- 1. Operating at wavelengths between 400 and 515 nm; and
- 2. An average output power greater than 40 W;
- Neodymium-doped (other than glass) lasers with an output wavelength between 1,000 and 1,100 nm having either of the following:
- 1. Pulse-excited and Q-switched with a pulse duration equal to or greater than 1 ns, and having either of the following:
- A single-transverse mode output with an average output power greater than 40 W; or
- A multiple-transverse mode output with an average output power greater than 50 W; or
- 2. Incorporating frequency doubling to give an output wavelength between 500 and 550 nm with an average output power of greater than 40 W;
- Tunable pulsed single-mode dye laser oscillators having all of the following characteristics:
- 1. Operating at wavelengths between 300 and 800 nm;
- 2. An average output power greater than 1 W;
- 3. A repetition rate greater than 1 kHz; and
- 4. Pulse width less than 100 ns;
- Tunable pulsed dye laser amplifiers and oscillators having all of the following characteristics:
- 1. Operating at wavelengths between 300 and 800 nm;
- 2. An average output power greater than 30 W;
- 3. A repetition rate greater than 1 kHz; and
- 4. Pulse width less than 100 ns;
Note:
Item 4-3.A.2.e. does not control single mode oscillators.
- Alexandrite lasers having all of the following characteristics:
- 1. Operating at wavelengths between 720 and 800 nm;
- 2. A bandwidth of 0.005 nm or less;
- 3. A repetition rate greater than 125 Hz; and
- 4. An average output power greater than 30 W;
- Pulsed carbon dioxide(CO2) lasers having all of the following characteristics:
- 1. Operating at wavelengths between 9,000 and 11,000 nm;
- 2. A repetition rate greater than 250 Hz;
- 3. An average output power greater than 500 W; and
- 4. Pulse width of less than 200 ns;
Note:
Item 4-3.A.2.g. does not control the higher power (typically 1 to 5 kW) industrial CO2 lasers used in applications such as cutting and welding, as these latter lasers are either continuous wave or are pulsed with a pulse width greater than 200 ns.
- Pulsed excimer lasers (XeF, XeCl, KrF) having all of the following characteristics:
- 1. Operating at wavelengths between 240 and 360 nm;
- 2. A repetition rate greater than 250 Hz; and
- 3. An average output power greater than 500 W;
- Para-hydrogen Raman shifters designed to operate at 16 μm output wavelength and at a repetition rate greater than 250 Hz.
- Pulsed carbon monoxide(CO) lasers having all of the following characteristics:
- 1. Operating at wavelengths between 5,000 and 6,000 nm;
- 2. A repetition rate greater than 250 Hz;
- 3. An average output power greater than 200 W; and
- 4. Pulse width of less than 200 ns.
Note:
Item 4-3.A.2.j. does not control the higher power (typically 1 to 5 kW) industrial CO lasers used in applications such as cutting and welding, as these latter lasers are either continuous wave or are pulsed with a pulse width greater than 200 ns.
4-3.A.3. Valves having all of the following characteristics:
- A nominal size of 5 mm or greater;
- Having a bellows seal; and
- Wholly made of or lined with aluminium, aluminium alloy, nickel, or nickel alloy containing more than 60% nickel by weight.
Technical Note:
For valves with different inlet and outlet diameter, the nominal size parameter in Item 4-3.A.3.a. refers to the smallest diameter.
4-3.A.4. Superconducting solenoidal electromagnets having all of the following characteristics:
- Capable of creating magnetic fields greater than 2 T;
- A ratio of length to inner diameter greater than 2;
- Inner diameter greater than 300 mm; and
- Magnetic field uniform to better than 1% over the central 50% of the inner volume.
Note:
Item 4-3.A.4. does not control magnets specially designed for and exported ‘as part of’ medical nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging systems.
N.B.:
‘As part of’, does not necessarily mean physical part in the same shipment. Separate shipments from different sources are allowed, provided the related export documents clearly specify the ‘as part of’ relationship.
4-3.A.5. High-power direct current power supplies having both of the following characteristics:
- Capable of continuously producing, over a time period of 8 h, 100 V or greater with current output of 500 A or greater; and
- Current or voltage stability better than 0.1% over a time period of 8 h.
4-3.A.6. High-voltage direct current power supplies having both of the following characteristics:
- Capable of continuously producing, over a time period of 8 h, 20 kV or greater with current output of 1 A or greater; and
- Current or voltage stability better than 0.1% over a time period of 8 h.
4-3.A.7. All types of pressure transducers capable of measuring absolute pressures and having all of the following characteristics:
- Pressure sensing elements made of or protected by aluminium, aluminium alloy, aluminium oxide (alumina or sapphire), nickel, nickel alloy with more than 60% nickel by weight, or fully fluorinated hydrocarbon polymers;
- Seals, if any, essential for sealing the pressure sensing element, and in direct contact with the process medium, made of or protected by aluminium, aluminium alloy, aluminium oxide (alumina or sapphire), nickel, nickel alloy with more than 60% nickel by weight, or fully fluorinated hydrocarbon polymers; and
- Having either of the following characteristics:
- 1. A full scale of less than 13 kPa and an “accuracy” of better than 1% of full scale; or
- 2. A full scale of 13 kPa or greater and an “accuracy” of better than 130 Pa , when measuring at 13 kPa.
Technical Notes:
- 1. In Item 4-3.A.7. pressure transducers are devices that convert pressure measurements into a signal.
- 2. In Item 4-3.A.7. “accuracy” includes non-linearity, hysteresis and repeatability at ambient temperature.
4-3.A.8. Vacuum pumps having all of the following characteristics:
- Input throat size equal to or greater than 380 mm;
- Pumping speed equal to or greater than 15 m3/s; and
- Capable of producing an ultimate vacuum better than 13.3 mPa.
Technical Notes
- 1. The pumping speed is determined at the measurement point with nitrogen gas or air.
- 2. The ultimate vacuum is determined at the input of the pump with the input of the pump blocked off.
4-3.A.9. Bellows-sealed scroll-type compressors and bellows-sealed scroll-type vacuum pumps having all of the following characteristics:
- Capable of an inlet volume flow rate of 50 m3/h or greater;
- Capable of a pressure ratio of 2:1 or greater; and
- Having all surfaces that come in contact with the process gas made from any of the following materials:
- 1. Aluminium or aluminium alloy;
- 2. Aluminium oxide;
- 3. Stainless steel;
- 4. Nickel or nickel alloy;
- 5. Phosphor bronze; or
- 6. Fluoropolymers.
Technical Notes:
- 1. In a scroll compressor or vacuum pump, crescent-shaped pockets of gas are trapped between one or more pairs of intermeshed spiral vanes, or scrolls, one of which moves while the other remains stationary. The moving scroll orbits the stationary scroll, it does not rotate. As the moving scroll orbits the stationary scroll, the gas pockets diminish in size (i.e. they are compressed) as they move toward the outlet port of the machine.
- 2. In a bellows-sealed scroll compressor or vacuum pump, the process gas is totally isolated from the lubricated parts of the pump and from the external atmosphere by a metal bellows. One end of the bellows is attached to the moving scroll and the other end is attached to the stationary housing of the pump.
- 3. Fluoropolymers include, but are not limited to, the following materials:
- Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE);
- Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene (FEP);
- Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA);
- Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE); and
- Vinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene copolymer.
4-3.B. Test and Production Equipment
- 1. Electrolytic cells for fluorine production with an output capacity greater than 250 g of fluorine per hour.
- 2. Rotor fabrication or assembly equipment, rotor straightening equipment, bellows-forming mandrels and dies, as follows:
- Rotor assembly equipment for assembly of gas centrifuge rotor tube sections, baffles, and end caps;
Note:
Item 4-3.B.2.a. includes precision mandrels, clamps, and shrink fit machines.
- Rotor straightening equipment for alignment of gas centrifuge rotor tube sections to a common axis;
Technical Note:
In Item 4-3.B.2.b. such equipment normally consists of precision measuring probes linked to a computer that subsequently controls the action of, for example, pneumatic rams used for aligning the rotor tube sections.
- Bellows-forming mandrels and dies for producing single-convolution bellows.
Technical Note:
The bellows referred to in Item 4-3.B.2.c. have all of the following characteristics:
- 1. Inside diameter between 75 and 650 mm;
- 2. Length equal to or greater than 12.7 mm;
- 3. Single convolution depth greater than 2 mm; and
- 4. Made of high-strength aluminium alloys, maraging steel, or high strength “fibrous or filamentary materials”.
- 3. Centrifugal multiplane balancing machines, fixed or portable, horizontal or vertical, as follows:
- Centrifugal balancing machines designed for balancing flexible rotors having a length of 600 mm or more and having all of the following characteristics:
- 1. Swing or journal diameter greater than 75 mm;
- 2. Mass capability of from 0.9 to 23 kg; and
- 3. Capable of balancing speed of revolution greater than 5,000 rpm;
- Centrifugal balancing machines designed for balancing hollow cylindrical rotor components and having all of the following characteristics:
- 1. Journal diameter greater than 75 mm;
- 2. Mass capability of from 0.9 to 23 kg;
- 3. A minimum achievable residual specific unbalance equal to or less than 10 g-mm/kg per plane; and
- 4. Belt drive type.
- 4. Filament winding machines and related equipment, as follows:
- Filament winding machines having all of the following characteristics:
- 1. Having motions for positioning, wrapping, and winding fibres coordinated and programmed in two or more axes;
- 2. Specially designed to fabricate composite structures or laminates from “fibrous or filamentary materials”; and
- 3. Capable of winding cylindrical tubes with an internal diameter between 75 and 650 mm and lengths of 300 mm or greater;
- Coordinating and programming controls for the filament winding machines specified in Item 4-3.B.4.a.;
- Precision mandrels for the filament winding machines specified in Item 4-3.B.4.a.
- 5. Electromagnetic isotope separators designed for, or equipped with, single or multiple ion sources capable of providing a total ion beam current of 50 mA or greater.
Notes:
Technical Note:
A single 50 mA ion source cannot produce more than 3 g of separated highly enriched uranium (HEU) per year from natural abundance feed.
- 6. Mass spectrometers capable of measuring ions of 230 u or greater and having a resolution of better than 2 parts in 230, as follows, and ion sources therefor:
N.B.:
Mass spectrometers especially designed or prepared for analysing on-line samples of uranium hexafluoride (UF6) are controlled under Group 3.
- Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometers (ICP/MS);
- Glow discharge mass spectrometers (GDMS);
- Thermal ionisation mass spectrometers (TIMS);
- Electron bombardment mass spectrometers having both of the following features:
- 1. A molecular beam inlet system that injects a collimated beam of analyte molecules into a region of the ion source where the molecules are ionised by an electron beam; and
- 2. One or more cold traps that can be cooled to a temperature of 193 K (-80°C) or less in order to trap analyte molecules that are not ionised by the electron beam;
- Mass spectrometers equipped with a microfluorination ion source designed for actinides or actinide fluorides.
Technical Notes:
- 1. Item 4-3.B.6.d. describes mass spectrometers that are typically used for isotopic analysis of UF6 gas samples.
- 2. Electron bombardment mass spectrometers in Item 4-3.B.6.d. are also known as electron impact mass spectrometers or electron ionisation mass spectrometers.
- 3. In Item 4-3.B.6.d.2., a ‘cold trap’ is a device that traps gas molecules by condensing or freezing them on cold surfaces. For the purposes of this entry, a closed-loop gaseous helium cryogenic vacuum pump is not a cold trap.
4-3.C. Materials
None
4-3.D. Software
- 1. “Software” specially designed for the “use” of equipment specified in Items 4-3. A.1., 4-3.B.3. or 4-3.B.4.
- 2. “Software” or encryption keys/codes specially designed to enhance or release the performance characteristics of equipment not controlled in Item 4-3.A.1. so that it meets or exceeds the characteristics specified in Item 4-3.A.1.
- 3. “Software” specially designed to enhance or release the performance characteristics of equipment controlled in Item 4-3.A.1.
4-3.E. Technology
- 1. “Technology” according to the General Technology Note for the “development”, “production” or “use” of equipment, material or “software” specified in 4-3.A. through 4-3.D.
4-4. Heavy Water Production Plant Related Equipment (other than Listed in Group 3)
4-4.A. Equipment, Assemblies and Components
- 1. Specialised packings which may be used in separating heavy water from ordinary water, having both of the following characteristics:
- Made of phosphor bronze mesh chemically treated to improve wettability; and
- Designed to be used in vacuum distillation towers.
- 2. Pumps capable of circulating solutions of concentrated or dilute potassium amide catalyst in liquid ammonia (KNH2/NH3), having all of the following characteristics:
- Airtight (i.e., hermetically sealed);
- A capacity greater than 8.5 m3/h; and
- Either of the following characteristics:
- 1. For concentrated potassium amide solutions (1% or greater), an operating pressure of 1.5 to 60 MPa; or
- 2. For dilute potassium amide solutions (less than 1%), an operating pressure of 20 to 60 MPa.
- 3. Turboexpanders or turboexpander-compressor sets having both of the following characteristics:
- Designed for operation with an outlet temperature of 35 K (-238°C) or less; and
- Designed for a throughput of hydrogen gas of 1,000 kg/h or greater.
4-4.B. Test and Production Equipment
- 1. Not used since
- 2. Hydrogen-cryogenic distillation columns having all of the following characteristics:
- 3. Not used since
4-4.C. Materials
None
4-4.D. Software
None
4-4.E. Technology
- 1. “Technology” according to the General Technology Note for the “development”, “production” or “use” of equipment, material or “software” specified in 4-4.A. through 4-4.D.
4-5. Test and Measurement Equipment for the Development of Nuclear Explosive Devices
4-5.A. Equipment, Assemblies and Components
- 1. Photomultiplier tubes having both of the following characteristics:
- Photocathode area of greater than 20 cm2; and
- Anode pulse rise time of less than 1 ns.
4-5.B. Test and Production Equipment
- 1. Flash X-ray generators or pulsed electron accelerators having either of the following sets of characteristics:
- 1. An accelerator peak electron energy of 500 keV or greater but less than 25 MeV; and
- 2. With a figure of merit (K) of 0.25 or greater; or
- 1. An accelerator peak electron energy of 25 MeV or greater; and
- 2. A peak power greater than 50 MW.
Note:
Item 4-5.B.1. does not control accelerators that are component parts of devices designed for purposes other than electron beam or X-ray radiation (electron microscopy, for example) nor those designed for medical purposes.
Technical Notes:
- 1. The figure of merit K is defined as: K=1.7 x 103 V2.65Q. V is the peak electron energy in million electron volts. If the accelerator beam pulse duration is less than or equal to 1 µs, then Q is the total accelerated charge in Coulombs. If the accelerator beam pulse duration is greater than 1 µs, then Q is the maximum accelerated charge in 1 µs. Q equals the integral of i with respect to t, over the lesser of 1 µs or the time duration of the beam pulse (Q=∫idt) where i is beam current in amperes and t is the time in seconds.
- 2. Peak power = (peak potential in volts) x (peak beam current in amperes).
- 3. In machines based on microwave accelerating cavities, the time duration of the beam pulse is the lesser of 1 μs or the duration of the bunched beam packet resulting from one microwave modulator pulse.
- 4. In machines based on microwave accelerating cavities, the peak beam current is the average current in the time duration of a bunched beam packet.
- 2. High-velocity gun systems (propellant, gas, coil, electromagnetic, and electrothermal types, and other advanced systems) capable of accelerating projectiles to 1.5 km/s or greater.
Note:
This item does not control guns specially designed for high-velocity weapon systems. - 3. High-speed cameras and imaging devices and components therefor, as follows:
N.B.:
“Software” specially designed to enhance or release the performance of cameras or imaging devices to meet the characteristics below is controlled in 4-5.D.1. and 4-5.D.2.- Streak cameras and specially designed components therefor, as follows:
- 1. Streak cameras with writing speeds greater than 0.5 mm/µs;
- 2. Electronic streak cameras capable of 50 ns or less time resolution;
- 3. Streak tubes for cameras specified in 4-5.B.3.a.2.;
- 4. Plug-ins specially designed for use with streak cameras which have modular structures and that enable the performance specifications in 4-5.B.3.a.1 or 4-5.B.3.a.2.;
- 5. Synchronizing electronics units, rotor assemblies consisting of turbines, mirrors and bearings specially designed for cameras specified in 4-5.B.3.a.1.
- Framing cameras and specially designed components therefor as follows:
- 1. Framing cameras with recording rates greater than 225,000 frames per second;
- 2. Framing cameras capable of 50 ns or less frame exposure time;
- 3. Framing tubes and solid-state imaging devices having a fast image gating (shutter) time of 50 ns or less specially designed for cameras specified in 4-5.B.3.b.1 or 4-5.B.3.b.2.;
- 4. Plug-ins specially designed for use with framing cameras which have modular structures and that enable the performance specifications in 4-5.B.3.b.1. or 4-5.B.3.b.2.;
- 5. Synchronizing electronics units, rotor assemblies consisting of turbines, mirrors and bearings specially designed for cameras specified in 4-5.B.3.b.1 or 4-5.B.3.b.2.
- Solid-state or electron tube cameras and specially designed components therefor as follows:
- 1. Solid-state cameras or electron tube cameras with a fast image gating (shutter) time of 50 ns or less;
- 2. Solid-state imaging devices and image intensifiers tubes having a fast image gating (shutter) time of 50 ns or less specially designed for cameras specified in 4-5.B.3.c.1.;
- 3. Electro-optical shuttering devices (Kerr or Pockels cells) with a fast image gating (shutter) time of 50 ns or less;
- 4. Plug-ins specially designed for use with cameras which have modular structures and that enable the performance specifications in 4-5.B.3.c.1.
Technical Note:
High speed single frame cameras can be used alone to produce a single image of a dynamic event or several such cameras can be combined in a sequentially-triggered system to produce multiple images of an event.
- 4. Not used since
- 5. Specialised instrumentation for hydrodynamic experiments, as follows:
- Velocity interferometers for measuring velocities exceeding 1 km/s during time intervals of less than 10 μs;
Note:
Item 4-5.B.5.a. includes velocity interferometers such as VISARs (Velocity Interferometer Systems for Any Reflector), DLIs (Doppler Laser Interferometers), PDV (Photonic Doppler Velocimeters) also known as Het-V (Heterodyne Velocimeters) and microwave velocity interferometers including optic-microwave mixing velocimeters. - Shock pressure gauges capable of measuring pressures greater than 10 GPa, including gauges made with manganin, ytterbium, and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) / polyvinyl difluoride (PVF2);
- Quartz pressure transducers for pressures greater than 10 GPa.
- 6. High-speed pulse generators, and pulse heads therefor, having both of the following characteristics:
- Output voltage greater than 6 V into a resistive load of less than 55 Ω; and
- ‘Pulse transition time’ less than 500 ps.
Technical Notes:
- 1. In Item 4-5.B.6.b. ‘pulse transition time’ is defined as the time interval between 10% and 90% voltage amplitude.
- 2. Pulse heads are impulse forming networks designed to accept a voltage step function and shape it into a variety of pulse forms that can include rectangular, triangular, step, impulse, exponential, or monocycle types. Pulse heads can be an integral part of the pulse generator, they can be a plug-in module to the device or they can be an externally connected device.
- 7. High explosive containment vessels, chambers, containers and other similar containment devices designed for the testing of high explosives or explosive devices and having both of the following characteristics:
- Designed to fully contain an explosion equivalent to 2 kg of trinitrotoluene (TNT) or greater; and
- Having design elements or features enabling real time or delayed transfer of diagnostic or measurement information.
4-5.C. Materials
None
4-5.D. Software
- 1. “Software” or encryption keys/codes specially designed to enhance or release the performance characteristics of equipment not controlled in Item 4-5.B.3. so that it meets or exceeds the characteristics specified in Item 4 5.B.3.
- 2. “Software” or encryption keys/codes specially designed to enhance or release the performance characteristics of equipment controlled in Item 4 5.B.3.
4-5.E. Technology
“Technology” according to the General Technology Note for the “development”, “production” or “use” of equipment, material or “software” specified in 4-5.A. through 4-5.D.
4-6. Components for Nuclear Explosive Devices
4-6.A. Equipment, Assemblies and Components
- 1. Detonators and multipoint initiation systems, as follows:
- Electrically driven explosive detonators, as follows:
- 1. Exploding bridge (EB);
- 2. Exploding bridge wire (EBW);
- 3. Slapper;
- 4. Exploding foil initiators (EFI);
- Arrangements using single or multiple detonators designed to nearly simultaneously initiate an explosive surface over an area greater than 5,000 mm2 from a single firing signal with an initiation timing spread over the surface of less than 2.5 μs.
Note:
Item 4-6.A.1. does not control detonators using only primary explosives, such as lead azide.
Technical Note:
In Item 4-6.A.1. the detonators of concern all utilise a small electrical conductor (bridge, bridge wire, or foil) that explosively vapourises when a fast, high-current electrical pulse is passed through it. In nonslapper types, the exploding conductor starts a chemical detonation in a contacting high-explosive material such as PETN (pentaerythritoltetranitrate). In slapper detonators, the explosive vapourisation of the electrical conductor drives a flyer or slapper across a gap, and the impact of the slapper on an explosive starts a chemical detonation. The slapper in some designs is driven by magnetic force. The term exploding foil detonator may refer to either an EB or a slapper-type detonator. Also, the word initiator is sometimes used in place of the word detonator.
- 2. Firing sets and equivalent high-current pulse generators, as follows:
- 3. Switching devices as follows:
- 4. Pulse discharge capacitors having either of the following sets of characteristics:
- 1. Voltage rating greater than 1.4 kV;
- 2. Energy storage greater than 10 J;
- 3. Capacitance greater than 0.5 μF; and
- 4. Series inductance less than 50 nH; or
- 1. Voltage rating greater than 750 V;
- 2. Capacitance greater than 0.25 μF; and
- 3. Series inductance less than 10 nH.
- 5. Neutron generator systems, including tubes, having both of the following characteristics:
- Designed for operation without an external vacuum system; and
- 1. Utilising electrostatic acceleration to induce a tritium-deuterium nuclear reaction; or
- 2. Utilising electrostatic acceleration to induce a deuterium-deuterium nuclear reaction and capable of an output of 3x109 neutrons/s or greater.
- 6. Striplines to provide low inductance path to detonators with the following characteristics;
- Voltage rating greater than 2kV; and
- Inductance of less than 20 nH.
4-6.B. Test and Production Equipment
None
4-6.C. Materials
- 1. High explosive substances or mixtures, containing more than 2% by weight of any of the following:
- Cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX) (CAS -41-0);
- Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) (CAS 121-82-4);
- Triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB) (CAS -38-6);
- Aminodinitrobenzo-furoxan or 7 amino-4,6 nitrobenzofurazane-1-oxide (ADNBF) (CAS -78-1);
- 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (DADE or FOX7) (CAS -81-3);
- 2,4-dinitroimidazole (DNI) (CAS -49-0);
- Diaminoazoxyfurazan (DAAOF or DAAF) (CAS-89-0);
- Diaminotrinitrobenzene (DATB) (CAS -08-6);
- Dinitroglycoluril (DNGU or DINGU) (CAS -04-8);
- 2,6-Bis (picrylamino)-3,5-dinitropyridine (PYX) (CAS -89-2);
- 3,3′-diamino-2,2′,4,4′,6,6′-hexanitrobiphenyl or dipicramide (DIPAM) (CAS -44-0);
- Diaminoazofurazan (DAAzF) (CAS -90-3);
- 1,4,5,8-tetranitro-pyridazino[4,5-d] pyridazine (TNP) (CAS 04 9);
- Hexanitrostilbene (HNS) (CAS -22-0); or
- Any explosive with a crystal density greater than 1.8 g/cm3 and having a detonation velocity greater than 8,000 m/s.
4-6.D. Software
None
4-6.E. Technology
- 1. “Technology” according to the General Technology Note for the “development”, “production” or “use” of equipment, material or “software” specified in 4-6.A. through 4-6.D.
Definitions of Terms Used in Groups 3 and 4
- “Accuracy”
- Usually measured in terms of inaccuracy, defined as the maximum deviation, positive or negative, of an indicated value from an accepted standard or true value.
- “Angular position deviation”
- The maximum difference between angular position and the actual, very accurately measured angular position after the workpiece mount of the table has been turned out of its initial position.
- “Basic scientific research”
- Experimental or theoretical work undertaken principally to acquire new knowledge of the fundamental principles of phenomena and observable facts, not primarily directed toward a specific practical aim or objective.
- “Contouring control”
- Two or more “numerically controlled” motions operating in accordance with instructions that specify the next required position and the required feed rates to that position. These feed rates are varied in relation to each other so that a desired contour is generated (Ref.: International Organization for Standardization (ISO) () as amended).
- “Development”
- Is related to all phases prior to “production”, such as: design, design research, design analysis, design concepts, assembly and testing of prototypes, pilot production schemes, design data, process of transforming design data into a product, configuration design, integration design, layouts.
- “Fibrous or filamentary materials”
- Means continuous ‘filament’, ‘monofilaments’, ‘yarns’, ‘rovings’, ‘tows’, or ‘tapes’.
N.B.: ‘Filament’ or ‘monofilament’ is the smallest increment of fibre, usually several μm in diameter.
‘Roving’ is a bundle (typically 12-120) of approximately parallel ‘strands’.
‘Strand’ is a bundle of ‘filaments’ (typically over 200) arranged approximately parallel.
‘Tape’ is a material constructed of interlaced or unidirectional ‘filaments’, ‘strands’, ‘rovings’, ‘tows’, or ‘yarns’, etc., usually preimpregnated with resin.
‘Tow’ is a bundle of ‘filaments’, usually approximately parallel.
‘Yarn’ is a bundle of twisted ‘strands’.
- 'Filament'
- See “Fibrous or filamentary materials”.
- “In the public domain”
- “In the public domain”, as it applies herein, means “technology” or “software” that has been made available without restrictions upon its further dissemination (Copyright restrictions do not remove “technology” or “software” from being “in the public domain”).
- “Linearity”
- (Usually measured in terms of nonlinearity) is the maximum deviation of the actual characteristic (average of upscale and downscale readings), positive or negative, from a straight line so positioned as to equalise and minimise the maximum deviations.
- “Measurement uncertainty”
- The characteristic parameter which specifies in what range around the output value, the correct value of the measurable variable lies, with a confidence level of 95%. It includes the uncorrected systematic deviations, the uncorrected backlash, and the random deviations.
- “Microprogram”
- A sequence of elementary instructions, maintained in a special storage, the execution of which is initiated by the introduction of its reference instruction into an instruction register.
- “Monofilament”
- See “Fibrous or filamentary materials”.
- “Numerical control”
- The automatic control of a process performed by a device that makes use of numeric data usually introduced as the operation is in progress (Ref.: ISO ()).
- “other elements”
- All elements other than hydrogen, uranium and plutonium
- “Positioning accuracy”
- Of “numerically controlled” machine tools is to be determined and presented in accordance with Item 4-1.B.2., in conjunction with the requirements below:
- Test conditions (ISO 230/2 (), paragraph 3):
- 1. For 12 h before and during measurements, the machine tool and accuracy measuring equipment will be kept at the same ambient temperature. During the premeasurement time, the slides of the machine will be continuously cycled identically to the way they will be cycled during the accuracy measurements;
- 2. The machine shall be equipped with any mechanical, electronic, or “software” compensation to be exported with the machine;
- 3. Accuracy of measuring equipment for the measurements shall be at least four times more accurate than the expected machine tool accuracy;
- 4. Power supply for slide drives shall be as follows:
- Line voltage variation shall not be greater than ±10% of nominal rated voltage;
- Frequency variation shall not be greater than ±2 Hz of normal frequency;
- Lineouts or interrupted service are not permitted.
- Test program (paragraph 4):
- Presentation of test results (paragraph 2): The results of the measurements must include:
- 1. “Positioning accuracy” (A); and
- 2. The mean reversal error (B).
- “Production”
- Means all production phases, such as: construction, production engineering, manufacture, integration, assembly (mounting), inspection, testing, quality assurance.
- “Program”
- A sequence of instructions to carry out a process in, or convertible into, a form executable by an electronic computer.
- “Resolution”
- The least increment of a measuring device; on digital instruments, the least significant bit. . (Ref.: American National Standards Institute (ANSI) B-89.1.12)
- 'Roving'
- See “Fibrous or filamentary materials”.
- “Software”
- A collection of one or more “programs” or “microprograms” fixed in any tangible medium of expression.
- 'Strand'
- See “Fibrous or filamentary materials”.
- 'Tape'
- See “Fibrous or filamentary materials”.
- “Technical assistance”
- May take forms, such as: instruction, skills, training, working knowledge, consulting services.
N.B.: “Technical assistance” may involve transfer of “technical data”.
- “Technical data”
- May take forms such as blueprints, plans, drawings, photoprints or negatives, diagrams, models, formulae, tables, engineering designs and specifications, manuals and instructions, whether in written form or recorded on other media or devices such as disk, tape, read-only memories.
- “Technology”
- Specific information required for the “development”, “production” or “use”, of an item. This information may take the form of “technical data” or “technical assistance”.
- 'Tow'
- See “Fibrous or filamentary materials”.
- “Use”
- Operation, installation (including on-site installation), maintenance (checking), repair, overhaul and refurbishing.
- 'Yarn'
- See “Fibrous or filamentary materials”.
Acronyms And Abbreviations Used In Groups 3 And 4
Note:
The International System of Units (SI) is used in Group 3 and Group 4. In all cases, the physical quantity defined in SI units should be considered the official recommended control value.
Commonly used abbreviations (and their prefixes denoting size) in Group 3 and Group 4 are as follows:
Aampere(s)Electric currentCASChemical Abstracts Service°Cdegree(s) CelsiusTemperaturecmcentimetre(s)Lengthcm2square centimetre(s)Areacm3cubic centimetre(s)Volume°degree(s)Angleggram(s)Massg0acceleration of gravity (9. m/s2)AccelerationGBqgigabecquerel(s)Activity (radioactive)GPagigapascal(s)PressureGygray(s)Absorbed ionising radiationGHzgigahertzFrequencyHhenry(s)Electrical inductancehhour(s)TimeHzhertzFrequencyJjoule(s)Energy, work, heatkeVkiloelectron volt(s)Energy, electricalkgkilogram(s)MasskHzkilohertzFrequencykNkilonewton(s)ForcekJkilojoule(s)Energy, work, heatkPakilopascal(s)PressurekVkilovolt(s)Electrical potentialkWkilowatt(s)PowerKkelvinThermodynamic temperaturellitre(s)Volume (liquids)MeVmegaelectron volt(s)Energy, electricalmmetre(s)Lengthm2square metre(s)Aream3cubic metre(s)VolumemAmilliamp(s)Electric currentmlmillilitre(s)Volumemmmillimetre(s)LengthmPamillipascal(s)Pressureminminute(s)TimeMPamegapascal(s)PressureMPEMaximum Permissible ErrorLength measurementMWmegawatt(s)PowerμFmicrofarad(s)Electrical capacitanceμmmicrometre(s)Lengthμsmicrosecond(s)TimeNnewton(s)ForcenFnanofarad(s)Electrical capacitancenHnanohenry(s)Electrical inductancenmnanometre(s)Lengthnsnanosecond(s)TimeΩohm(s)Electric resistancePapascal(s)Pressurepspicosecond(s)Timerpmrevolution(s) per minuteAngular velocityssecond(s)Time″second(s) of arcAngleTtesla(s)Magnetic flux densityuunified atomic mass unitMass on an atomic or molecular scaleVvolt(s)Electrical potentialWwatt(s)Power
Group 5 – Miscellaneous Goods and Technology
Forest Products
. Logs of all species of wood (All destinations)
. Pulpwood of all species of wood (All destinations)
. Blocks, bolts, blanks, boards and any other material or product of red cedar that is suitable for use in the manufacture of shakes or shingles. (All destinations)
. Softwood Lumber Products (United States)
- 1. Softwood lumber products, as described in Annex 1A to the Softwood Lumber Agreement Between the Government of Canada and the Government of the United States of America, signed on September 12, , as it read on October 12, , excluding those that are described in paragraphs 3 to 5 of that Annex 1A.
- 2. Paragraph 5 of that Annex 1A is to be read without reference to the requirement set out in item (e) of that paragraph.
- 3. The references to the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS) tariff classifications in that Annex 1A are to be read as references to the corresponding Canadian tariff classifications set out in Annex 1B to the agreement referred to in subsection (1).
- 4. The references to “imported”, “importer” and “importation” in that Annex 1A are to be read as “exported”, “exporter” and “exportation”, respectively, and the reference to “importés” in the French version of that Annex 1B is to be read as “exportés”.
Agricultural and Food Products
. Milk Products and Infant Formulas (All destinations)
Skim milk powders that are classified under subheading .10, milk protein concentrates that are classified under subheading .90 and infant formulas containing more than 10% on a dry weight basis of cow’s milk solids that are classified under subheading .10 of the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System .
. Peanut Butter that is classified under tariff item No. .11.10 in the List of Tariff Provisions set out in the schedule to the Customs Tariff. ( United States)
. Sugar-containing Products
Sugar-containing products as follows:
- (a) products classified under subheadings .91.54, .90.74, .20.75, .20.95, .90.55, .10.74, .90. 69, . 12.54, .20.54, .90.78 and .90.95 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States ( ), as amended from time to time (United States ), for export to the United States within the share of the in-quota quantity of the sugar-containing products tariff rate quota allocated to Canada by the United States in accordance with subparagraph 2(b) of Article 3.A.5 of Annex 3-A of Chapter 3 of CUSMA; and
- (b) products classified under subheadings .91.48, .91.58, .20.28, .30.28, .40.28, .60.28, .90.58, .90.68, .90.68, .90.78, .10.15, .10.28, .10.38, .10.55, .10.75, .20.73, .20.77, .20.94, .20.98, .90.39, .90.49, .90.59, .10.76, .20.25, .20.35, .20.60, .20.70, .90.68, .90.71, .12.38, .12.48, .12.58, .20.38, .20.48, .20.58, .90.78, .90.46, .90.72, .90.76, .90.80, .90.91, .90.94 and .90.97 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (), as amended from time to time (United States), for export to the United States within the Canada-specific tariff rate quota set out in paragraph 15 of Appendix 2: Tariff Schedule of the United States – (Tariff Rate Quotas) to Annex 2-B of Chapter 2 of CUSMA.
. Sugars, Syrups and Molasses
Sugars, syrups and molasses as follows:
- (a) sugars, syrups and molasses classified under subheadings .12.10, .91.10, .99.10, .90.10 and .90.44 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States ( ), as amended from time to time (United States ), for export to the United States within the share of the in-quota quantity of the refined sugar tariff rate quota allocated to Canada by the United States in accordance with subparagraph 2(a) of Article 3.A.5 of Annex 3-A of Chapter 3 of CUSMA; and
- (b) sugars, syrups and molasses classified under subheadings .12.50, .13.50, .14.50, .91.30, .99.50 and .90.20 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (), as amended from time to time (United States), for export to the United States within the Canada-specific tariff rate quota set out in paragraph 14 of Appendix 2: Tariff Schedule of the United States – (Tariff Rate Quotas) to Annex 2-B of Chapter 2 of CUSMA.
. High-Sugar-containing Products
High-sugar-containing products classified under subheadings ex .20, ex .10, ex .20, ex .12, ex .20 and ex .90 of Annex 5-A to Annex 5 of the Protocol on Rules of Origin and Origin Procedures of CETA (Annex 5-A), containing 65 percent or more by net weight of added cane or beet sugar classified under subheadings .91 to .99 of Annex 5-A, for export to an EU country or other CETA beneficiary that
- originate in Canada and comply with the product description and sufficient production criteria referred to in Table A.1 of Annex 5-A;
- contain cane or beet sugar that has been refined exclusively in Canada;
- are not included in another item in this List; and
- are eligible for tariff elimination in accordance with the schedules in Annex 2-A of CETA.
. Sugar Confectionery and Chocolate Preparations
Sugar confectionery and chocolate preparations classified under headings and subheadings 17.04, .31, .32 and .90 of Annex 5-A to Annex 5 of the Protocol on Rules of Origin and Origin Procedures of CETA (Annex 5-A) for export to an EU country or other CETA beneficiary that
- originate in Canada and comply with the product description and sufficient production criteria referred to in Table A.2 of Annex 5-A;
- are not included in another item in this List; and
- are eligible for tariff elimination in accordance with the schedules in Annex 2-A of CETA.
. Processed Foods
Processed foods classified under headings and subheadings 19.01, ex .11, ex .19, ex .20, ex .30, .10, .20, .90, 19.05, .81, ex .89, .90, ex .10 and ex .90 of Annex 5-A to Annex 5 of the Protocol on Rules of Origin and Origin Procedures of CETA (Annex 5-A) for export to an EU country or other CETA beneficiary that
- originate in Canada and comply with the product description and sufficient production criteria referred to in Table A.3 of Annex 5-A;
- are not included in another item in this List; and
- are eligible for tariff elimination in accordance with the schedules in Annex 2-A of CETA.
. Dog and Cat Food
Dog and cat food classified under subheadings .10 and ex .90 of Annex 5-A to Annex 5 of the Protocol on Rules of Origin and Origin Procedures of CETA (Annex 5-A) for export to an EU country or other CETA beneficiary that
- originates in Canada and complies with the product description and sufficient production criteria referred to in Table A.4 of Annex 5-A;
- is not included in another item in this List; and
- is eligible for tariff elimination in accordance with the schedules in Annex 2-A of CETA.
Apparel Goods
. Apparel Goods
Apparel goods classified under headings and subheadings .30, 61.04, .92, 61.14, 62.01 and 62.05 of Annex 5-A to Annex 5 of the Protocol on Rules of Origin and Origin Procedures of CETA (Annex 5-A) for export to an EU country or other CETA beneficiary that
- originate in Canada and comply with the product description and sufficient production criteria referred to in Table C.2 of Annex 5-A;
- are not included in another item in this List; and
- are eligible for tariff elimination in accordance with the schedules in Annex 2-A of CETA.
Vehicles
. Vehicles
Vehicles classified under subheadings .21, .22, .23, .24, .31, .32, .33, .40, .50, .60, .70, .80 and .90 of Council Regulation (EEC) No /87 of 23 July on the tariff and statistical nomenclature and on the Common Customs Tariff, made by the European Union, for export to an EU country or other CETA beneficiary, or of the Tariff of the United Kingdom, established by regulations made under section 8 of the Taxation (Cross-Border Trade) Act , c. 22, of the United Kingdom, for export to a CUKTCA beneficiary, that
- originate in Canada and comply with the product description and sufficient production criteria referred to in Table D.1 of Annex 5-A to Annex 5 of the Protocol on Rules of Origin and Origin Procedures of CETA or incorporated by reference in CUKTCA;
- are not included in another item in this List; and
- are eligible for tariff elimination in accordance with the schedules in Annex 2-A of CETA or Annex 2-A to Annex B of CUKTCA.
Foreign Origin Goods and Technology
United States Origin Goods and Technology
. United States Origin Goods and Technology
All goods and technology of United States origin, unless they are included elsewhere in this List, whether in bond or cleared by the Canada Border Services Agency, other than goods or technology that have been further processed or manufactured outside the United States so as to result in a substantial change in value, form or use of the goods or technology or in the production of new goods or technology.
(All destinations other than the United States)
Goods and Technology in Transit
. Goods and Technology in Transit
- 1. All goods and technology that originate outside Canada that are included in this List, whether in bond or cleared by the Canada Border Services Agency, other than goods or technology that are in transit on a through journey on a billing that originates outside Canada if the billing
- indicates that the ultimate destination of the goods or technology is a country other than Canada; (All destinations other than the United States) and
- in the case of goods or technology that are shipped from the United States, is accompanied by a certified true copy of the United States Shipper’s Export Declaration, and that Declaration does not contain terms that conflict with those of the billing and is presented to the Canada Border Services Agency. (All destinations other than the United States)
Other Military and Strategic Goods and Technology
. Blinding Laser Weapons (All destinations)
Laser weapons that are specifically designed, as their sole combat function or as one of their combat functions, to cause permanent blindness to the naked eye or to the eye with corrective eyesight devices.
. Nuclear Fusion Reactors
- 1. Subject to sub-item 2., systems, equipment, material, components, software and technology for use in research, development, design, testing, demonstration, or training related to nuclear fusion or the construction and operation of a nuclear fusion reactor, including:
- reactor assemblies incorporating toroidal and poloidal field coils;
- independent electrical and magnet power supply systems;
- high-power microwave radio frequency systems; and
- feedback, control and data acquisition systems.
(All destinations)
- 2. This item does not apply to data:
- that is contained in published books or periodicals or that is otherwise available to the public; or
- that has been made available without restrictions on its further dissemination.
. Anti-personnel Mines (All destinations)
Anti-personnel mines as defined in section 2 of the Anti-Personnel Mines Convention Implementation Act.
. Strategic Goods and Technology
- 1. In this item the terms “development”, “production”, “software”, “spacecraft”, “technology” and “use” have the same meaning as in the “Definitions of Terms Used in Groups 1 and 2” of the Guide.
- 2. Strategic goods and technology as follows:
(All destinations other than United States)
. Goods and Technology for Certain Uses (Catch-all)
- 1. Goods and technology whether or not included elsewhere on the List if their properties and any information made known to the exporter by any intermediary or final consignee or from any other source would lead a reasonable person to suspect that they will be used:
- in the development, production, handling, operation, maintenance, storage, detection, identification or dissemination of:
- chemical or biological weapons,
- nuclear explosive or radiological dispersal devices, or
- materials or equipment that could be used in such weapons or devices;
- in the development, production, handling, operation, maintenance or storage of:
- missiles or other systems capable of delivering chemical or biological weapons or nuclear explosive or radiological dispersal devices, or
- materials or equipment that could be used in such missiles or systems; or
- in any facility used for any of the activities described in paragraphs a. and b.
- 2. Goods and technology whether or not included elsewhere on the List if the Minister has determined, on the basis of their properties and any additional information relating to such matters as their intended end-use or the identity or conduct of their intermediary or final consignees, that they are likely to be used in the activities or facilities referred to in subitem (1).
- 3. Subitem (1) applies to goods and technology intended for export to all destinations unless
- they are intended for end-use in Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Republic of Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom or the United States;
- their intermediary consignees, if any, are located in those countries; and
- their final consignee is located in one of those countries.
- 4. Subitem (2) applies to goods and technology intended for export to all destinations.
. Other Strategic Goods and Technology
With competitive price and timely delivery, Haoye sincerely hope to be your supplier and partner.
(All destinations other than United States)
- In this item, composite, development, electronic assembly, Gate-All-Around Field-Effect Transistor (GAAFET), laser, matrix, production, software, substrate, substrate blanks, technology and use have the same meaning as in the Guide under the heading “Definitions of Terms Used in Groups 1 and 2”.
- Other strategic goods and technology as follows:
- subject to the “General Software Note” in Group 1 of the Guide, software, other than that referred to in Group 1 of the Guide, as follows:
- software specially designed or modified for the development or production of items specified in clause (c)(ii)(B) or (C), or any of subparagraphs (c)(iii) and (d)(iii), (iv) and (vi) to (viii),
- software specially designed for the use of items specified in subparagraph (d)(iii),
- software designed to extract Graphic Design System II (GDSII) or equivalent standard layout data and perform layer-to-layer alignment from Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images, and to generate multi-layer GDSII data or the circuit netlist, and
Note:
In subparagraph (iii), Graphic Design System II (GDSII) means a database file format for the data exchange of integrated circuit artwork or integrated circuit layout artwork. - software specially designed or modified for the development or production of items specified in subparagraph (d)(v);
- subject to the “General Technology Note” in Group 1 of the Guide, technology, other than that are referred to in Group 1 of the Guide, as follows:
- technology specially designed or modified for the development or production of items specified in clause (c)(ii)(B) or (C), subparagraph (c)(iii) or (iv), any of subparagraphs (d)(iii) to (viii) or paragraph (e),
- technology specially designed or modified for the development or production of integrated circuits or of devices, using Gate-All-Around Field-Effect Transistor (GAAFET) structures;
Notes:
1. Subparagraph (ii) includes process recipes. Process recipe means a set of conditions and parameters for a particular process step.
2. Subparagraph (ii) does not apply to technology used for tool qualification or maintenance. - technology for the development or production of coating systems that are designed to protect ceramic matrix composite materials specified in item 1-1.C.7 of the Guide from corrosion, and to operate at temperatures exceeding 1,373.15 K (1,100°C), and
Note:
In subparagraph (iii), coating system means a coating consisting of materials in one or more layers – for example, bond, interlayer, top coat – deposited on a substrate. - technology for the development of software specified in subparagraph (a)(iv);
- systems, equipment and components, other than those referred to in Group 1 of the Guide, as follows:
- Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuits designed to operate at an ambient temperature equal to or less (better) than 4.5 K (-268.65°C),
Note:
For the purposes of subparagraph (i), Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuits can also be referred to as cryogenic CMOS or cryoCMOS. - quantum computers and related electronic assemblies and components therefor, as follows:
- quantum computers, as follows:
- quantum computers supporting 34 or more, but fewer than 100, fully controlled, connected and working physical qubits, and having a C-NOT error of less than or equal to 10-4,
- quantum computers supporting 100 or more, but fewer than 200, fully controlled, connected and working physical qubits, and having a C-NOT error of less than or equal to 10-3,
- quantum computers supporting 200 or more, but fewer than 350, fully controlled, connected and working physical qubits, and having a C-NOT error of less than or equal to 2 x 10-3,
- quantum computers supporting 350 or more, but fewer than 500, fully controlled, connected and working physical qubits, and having a C-NOT error of less than or equal to 3 x 10-3,
- quantum computers supporting 500 or more, but fewer than 700, fully controlled, connected and working physical qubits, and having a C-NOT error of less than or equal to 4 x 10-3,
- quantum computers supporting 700 or more, but fewer than 1,100, fully controlled, connected and working physical qubits, and having a C-NOT error of less than or equal to 5 x 10-3,
- quantum computers supporting 1,100 or more, but fewer than 2,000, fully controlled, connected and working physical qubits, and having a C-NOT error of less than or equal to 6 x 10-3, and
- quantum computers supporting 2,000 or more fully controlled, connected and working physical qubits,
- qubit devices and qubit circuits, containing or supporting arrays of physical qubits, and specially designed for items specified in clause (A), and
- quantum control components and quantum measurement devices specially designed for items specified in clause (A);
Notes:
1. Items in clause (B) include semiconductor, superconducting and photonic qubit chips and chip arrays, surface ion trap arrays, other qubit confinement technology, and coherent interconnects between such items.
2. Clause (C) applies to items designed for calibrating, initializing, manipulating or measuring the resident qubits of a quantum computer.
3. Subparagraph (ii) applies to circuit model (or gate-based) and one-way (or measurement-based) quantum computers but does not apply to adiabatic (or annealing) quantum computers.
4. Items specified in subparagraph (ii) may not necessarily physically contain any qubits. For example, quantum computers based on photonic schemes do not permanently contain a physical item that can be identified as a qubit. Instead, photonic qubits are generated while the computer is operating and then later discarded.
5. In subparagraph (ii), physical qubit means a two-level quantum system used to represent the elementary unit of quantum logic by means of manipulations and measurements that are not error-corrected. Physical qubits are distinguished from logical qubits, in that logical qubits are error-corrected qubits composed of many physical qubits.
6. In clause (A), supporting 34 or more fully controlled, connected, working physical qubits refers to the capability of a quantum computer to confine, control, measure and process the quantum information embodied in 34 or more physical qubits.
7. In clause (A), fully controlled means that the physical qubit can be calibrated, initialized, gated and read out, as necessary.
8. In clause (A), connected means that two-qubit gate operations can be performed between any arbitrary pair of the available working physical qubits. This does not necessarily entail all-to-all connectivity.
9. In clause (A), working means that the physical qubit performs universal quantum computational work according to the system specifications for qubit operational fidelity.
10. In clause (A), C-NOT error means the average physical gate error for the nearest-neighbour two-physical qubit Controlled-NOT (C-NOT) gates.
- parametric signal amplifiers designed to operate at an ambient temperature below 1K (-272.15°C) and at a frequency from 2 GHz to 15 GHz, and having a noise figure of less than 0.015 dB when operating at that temperature and frequency,
Note:
In subparagraph (iii), parametric signal amplifier, or Quantum-Limited Amplifier (QLA), includes a Travelling Wave Parametric Amplifier (TWPA). - cryogenic cooling systems and components, as follows:
- systems rated to provide a cooling power of 600 µW or more at a temperature of 0.1K (-273.05°C) or lower for more than 48 hours, and
- two-stage pulse tube cryocoolers rated to maintain a temperature lower than 4K (-269.15°C) and to provide a cooling power of 1.5 W or more at a temperature of 4.2K (-268.95°C) or lower;
- test, inspection and production equipment, other than that referred to in Group 1 of the Guide, as follows:
- masks and reticles designed for integrated circuits specified in subparagraph (c)(i),
- imprint lithography templates designed for integrated circuits specified in subparagraph (c)(i),
- equipment designed for dry etching, as follows:
- equipment designed or modified for isotropic dry etching and having a largest silicon-germanium to silicon (SiGe:Si) etch selectivity greater than or equal to 100:1, or
Note:
For the purposes of clause (A), silicon-germanium to silicon (SiGe:Si) etch selectivity is measured for a germanium (Ge) concentration of greater than or equal to 30% (Si0.70Ge0.30). - equipment designed or modified for anisotropic dry etching, and having all of the following:
- one or more Radio Frequency (RF) power sources with at least one pulsed Radio Frequency (RF) output,
- one or more fast gas switching valves with a switching time of less than 300 ms,
- an electrostatic chuck with 20 or more individually controllable variable temperature elements, and
Notes:
1. Clause (B) includes etching using Radio Frequency (RF) pulse excited plasma, pulsed duty cycle excited plasma, pulsed voltage on electrodes modified plasma, or cyclic injection and purging of gases combined with a plasma; plasma atomic layer etching; and plasma quasi-atomic layer etching.
2. Subparagraph (iii) includes etching by radicals, ions, sequential reactions, or non-sequential reaction.
3. In note 2, radical means an atom, molecule, or ion that has an unpaired electron in an open electron shell configuration.
- Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) equipment designed for imaging semiconductor devices or integrated circuits, and having all of the following:
- a stage placement accuracy less (better) than 30 nm,
- a stage positioning measurement performed using laser interferometry,
- a position calibration within a Field-of-View (FOV) based on laser interferometer length-scale measurement,
- a collection and storage of images with more than 2 x 108pixels,
- a Field-of-View (FOV) overlap of less than 5% in vertical and horizontal directions,
- a Field-of-View (FOV) stitching overlap of less than 50 nm, and
- an accelerating voltage of more than 21 kV.
Notes:
1. Subparagraph (iv) includes Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) equipment designed for chip design recovery.
2. Subparagraph (iv) does not apply to Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) equipment designed to accept a Semiconductor Equipment and Materials International (SEMI) standard wafer carrier, such as a 200 mm or larger Front Opening Unified Pod (FOUP).
- additive manufacturing machines designed to produce metal or metal alloy components and having the following characteristics, and specially designed components for those machines:
- the consolidation source is one or more of the following:
- a laser,
- an electron beam, or
- an electric arc,
- during manufacturing, the controlled process atmosphere consists of:
- an inert gas, or
- a vacuum (pressure equal to or less than 100 Pa),
- the in-process monitoring equipment in a coaxial or paraxial configuration has any of the following:
- an imaging camera with a peak response at a wavelength that is greater than 380 nm and less than or equal to 14,000 nm,
- a pyrometer designed to measure temperatures greater than 1,273.15K (1,000°C), or
- a radiometer or spectrometer with a peak response at a wavelength that is greater than 380 nm and less than or equal to 3,000 nm, and
- the closed-loop control systems are designed to modify the consolidation source parameters, build paths, or equipment settings during the build cycle in response to feedback from in-process monitoring equipment specified in clause (C),
Note:
1. In clauses (C) and (D), in-process monitoring, also known as in-situ process monitoring, means the observation and measurement of the additive manufacturing process including the measurement of electromagnetic or thermal emissions from the melt pool.
2. In clause (C), coaxial configuration, also known as on-axis or inline configuration, means a configuration in which one or more sensors are mounted in an optical path shared by the laser consolidation source.
3. In clause (C), paraxial configuration means a configuration in which one or more sensors are mounted onto or integrated into the laser, electron beam, or electric arc consolidation source component.
4. In clause (C), for both coaxial configuration and paraxial configuration, the field of view of the sensors is fixed to the moving reference frame of the consolidation source and moves in the same scan trajectory throughout the build process.
- Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) lithography masks and EUV lithography reticles, designed for integrated circuits, and having mask substrate blanks specified in paragraph 1-3.B.1.j of the Guide,
Note:
Subparagraph (vi) also applies to masks and reticles with a mounted pellicle. - (vii) pellicles specially designed for EUV lithography, and
Notes:
1. In subparagraphs (vi) and (vii), pellicle means a membrane that is integrated with a frame and that is designed to protect a mask or reticle from particle contamination.
2. In subparagraphs (vi) and (vii), Extreme Ultraviolet means electromagnetic spectrum wavelengths greater than 5 nm and less than 124 nm. - (viii) cryogenic wafer probing equipment designed to test devices at a temperature less than or equal to 4.5 K (-268.65°C), and to accommodate wafer diameters greater than or equal to 100 mm;
- materials, other than those referred to in Group 1 of the Guide, as follows:
- epitaxial materials consisting of a substrate having at least one epitaxially grown layer of any of the following:
- silicon having an isotopic impurity of less than 0.08% of silicon isotopes other than silicon-28 or silicon-30, or
- germanium having an isotopic impurity of less than 0.08% of germanium isotopes other than germanium-70, germanium-72, germanium-74, or germanium-76,
- fluorides, hydrides, or chlorides, of silicon or germanium, containing any of the following:
- silicon having an isotopic impurity of less than 0.08% of silicon isotopes other than silicon-28 or silicon-30, or
- germanium having an isotopic impurity of less than 0.08% of germanium isotopes other than germanium-70, germanium-72, germanium-74, or germanium-76, and
- silicon, silicon oxides, germanium or germanium oxides, containing any of the following:
- silicon having an isotopic impurity of less than 0.08% of silicon isotopes other than silicon-28 or silicon-30, or
- germanium having an isotopic impurity of less than 0.08% of germanium isotopes other than germanium-70, germanium-72, germanium-74, or germanium-76.
Note:
Subparagraph (iii) includes substrates, lumps, ingots, boules and preforms of those materials.
Group 6 - Missile Technology Control Regime List
Note:
Terms in “double quotation marks” are defined terms. Refer to Definitions at the end of Group 6.
General Technology Note:
The transfer of “technology” directly associated with any goods controlled in Group 6 is controlled according to the provisions in each Item to the extent permitted by national legislation. The approval of any Group 6 item for export also authorizes the export to the same end-user of the minimum “technology” required for the installation, operation, maintenance, or repair of the item.
Note:
Controls do not apply to “technology” “in the public domain” or to “basic scientific research”.
General Software Note:
Group 6 does not control “software” which is either:
- 1. Generally available to the public by being:
- Sold from stock at retail selling points without restriction, by means of:
- 1. Over-the-counter transactions; or
- 2. Mail order transactions; or
- 3. Electronic transactions; or
- 4. call transactions; and
- Designed for installation by the user without further substantial support by the supplier; or
- 2. “In the public domain”.
Note:
The General Software Note only applies to general purpose, mass market “software”.
General Minimum Software Note:
The approval of any Group 6 item for export also authorizes the export, or transfer, to the same end user of the minimum “software”, excluding source code, required for the installation, operation, maintenance or repair of the item in order to ensure the item’s safe operation as originally intended.
Note:
The General Minimum Software Note also authorizes export of “software” intended to correct defects (bug fixes) in a previously legally exported item, provided that the capability and/or performance of the item are not otherwise enhanced.
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Numbers:
In some instances chemicals are listed by name and CAS number. Chemicals of the same structural formula (including hydrates) are controlled regardless of name or CAS number. CAS numbers are shown to assist in identifying whether a particular chemical or mixture is controlled, irrespective of nomenclature. CAS numbers cannot be used as unique identifiers because some forms of the listed chemical have different CAS numbers and mixtures containing a listed chemical may also have different CAS numbers.
Category I
6-1. Complete Delivery Systems
(All destinations applies to all 6-1 Items)
6-1.A. Equipment, Assemblies and Components
- 1. Complete rocket systems (including ballistic missiles, space launch vehicles, and sounding rockets) capable of delivering at least a 500 kg “payload” to a “range” of at least 300 km.
- 2. Complete unmanned aerial vehicle systems (including cruise missiles, target drones and reconnaissance drones) capable of delivering at least a 500 kg “payload” to a “range” of at least 300 km.
6-1.B. Test and Production Equipment
- 1. “Production facilities” specially designed for the systems specified in 6-1.A.
6-1.C. Materials
None
6-1.D. Software
- 1. “Software” specially designed or modified for the “use” of “production facilities” specified in 6-1.B.
- 2. “Software” specially designed or modified to coordinate the function of more than one subsystem in systems specified in 6-1.A.
Note:
For a manned aircraft converted to operate as an unmanned aerial vehicle specified in 6 1.A.2., Item 6-1.D.2. includes “software”, as follows:
- “Software” specially designed or modified to integrate the conversion equipment with the aircraft system functions;
- “Software” specially designed or modified to operate the aircraft as an unmanned aerial vehicle.
6-1.E. Technology
- 1. “Technology”, in accordance with the General Technology Note, for the “development”, “production” or “use” of equipment or “software” specified in 6-1.A., 6-1.B., or 6-1.D.
6-2. Complete Subsystems Usable for Complete Delivery Systems
(All destinations applies to all 6-2 Items)
6-2.A. Equipment, Assemblies and Components
- 1. Complete subsystems usable in the systems specified in 6-1.A., as follows:
- Individual rocket stages usable in the systems specified in 6-1.A.;
- Re-entry vehicles usable in the systems specified in 6-1.A., and, as follows, equipment designed or modified therefor, except as provided in the Note below 6-2.A.1. for those designed for non-weapon payloads:
- 1. Heat shields and components therefor, fabricated of ceramic or ablative materials;
- 2. Heat sinks and components therefor fabricated of light-weight, high heat capacity materials;
- 3. Electronic equipment specially designed for re-entry vehicles;
- Rocket propulsion subsystems, usable in the systems specified in 6-1.A., as follows:
- 1. Solid propellant rocket motors or hybrid rocket motors having a total impulse capacity equal to or greater than 1.1 x 106 Ns;
- 2. Liquid propellant rocket engines or gel propellant rocket motors integrated, or designed or modified to be integrated, into a liquid propellant or gel propellant propulsion system which has a total impulse capacity equal to or greater than 1.1 x 106 Ns;
Note:
Liquid propellant apogee engines or station-keeping engines specified in 6-2.A.1.c.2., designed or modified for use on satellites, may be treated as Category II, if the subsystem is exported subject to end-use statements and quantity limits appropriate for the excepted end-use stated above, when having a vacuum thrust not greater than 1kN.
- ‘Guidance sets’, usable in the systems specified in 6-1.A., capable of achieving system accuracy of 3.33% or less of the “range” (e.g., a ‘CEP’ of 10 km or less at a “range” of 300 km), except as provided in the Note below 6-2.A.1. for those designed for missiles with a “range” under 300 km or manned aircraft;
Technical Notes:
- 1. A ‘guidance set’ integrates the process of measuring and computing a vehicle’s position and velocity (i.e. navigation) with that of computing and sending commands to the vehicle’s flight control systems to correct the trajectory.
- 2. In Item 6-2.A.1.d., ‘CEP’ (Circular Error Probable or Circle of Equal Probability) is a measure of accuracy, defined as the radius of the circle centred at the target, at a specific range, in which 50% of the payloads impact.
- Thrust vector control subsystems, usable in the systems specified in 6‑1.A., except as provided in the Note below 6-2.A.1. for those designed for rocket systems other than those specified in 6-1.A.;
Technical Note:
6-2.A.1.e. includes the following methods of achieving thrust vector control:
- Flexible nozzle;
- Fluid or secondary gas injection;
- Movable engine or nozzle;
- Deflection of exhaust gas stream (jet vanes or probes);
- Use of thrust tabs.
- Weapon or warhead safing, arming, fuzing, and firing mechanisms, usable in the systems specified in 6-1.A., except as provided in the Note below 6-2.A.1. for those designed for systems other than those specified in 6-1.A.
Note:
The exceptions in 6-2.A.1.b., 6-2.A.1.d., 6-2.A.1.e. and 6-2.A.1.f. above may be treated as Category II if the subsystem is exported subject to end-use statements and quantity limits appropriate for the excepted end-use stated above.
6-2.B. Test and Production Equipment
- 1. “Production facilities” specially designed for the subsystems specified in 6-2.A.
- 2. “Production equipment” specially designed for the subsystems specified in 6-2.A.
6-2.C. Materials
None
6-2.D. Software
- 1. “Software” specially designed or modified for the “use” of “production facilities” specified in 6-2.B.1.
- 2. “Software” specially designed or modified for the “use” of rocket motors or engines specified in 6-2.A.1.c.
- 3. “Software”, specially designed or modified for the operation or maintenance of ‘guidance sets’ specified in 6-2.A.1.d.
Note:
6-2.D.3. includes “software”, specially designed or modified to enhance the performance of ’guidance sets’ to achieve or exceed the accuracy specified in 6-2.A.1.d.
- 4. “Software” specially designed or modified for the operation or maintenance of subsystems or equipment specified in 6-2.A.1.b.3.
- 5. “Software” specially designed or modified for the operation or maintenance of subsystems in 6-2.A.1.e.
- 6. “Software” specially designed or modified for the operation or maintenance of subsystems in 6-2.A.1.f.
Note:
Subject to end-use statements appropriate for the excepted end-use, “software” controlled by 6-2.D.2. to 6-2.D.6. may be treated as Category II as follows:
- 1. Under 6-2.D.2. if specially designed or modified for liquid propellant apogee engines or station keeping engines, designed or modified for satellite applications as specified in the Note to 6 2.A.1.c.2.;
- 2. Under 6-2.D.3. if designed for missiles with a “range” of under 300 km or manned aircraft;
- 3. Under 6-2.D.4. if specially designed or modified for re-entry vehicles designed for non-weapon payloads;
- 4. Under 6-2.D.5. if designed for rocket systems other than those specified in 6-1.A.;
- 5. Under 6-2.D.6. if designed for systems other than those specified in 6-1.A.
6-2.E. Technology
- 1. “Technology”, in accordance with the General Technology Note, for the “development”, “production” or “use” of equipment or “software” specified in 6-2.A., 6-2.B. or 6-2.D.
Category II
6-3. Propulsion Components and Equipment
6-3.A. Equipment, Assemblies and Components
- 1. Turbojet and turbofan engines, as follows:
- Engines having all of the following characteristics:
- 1. ‘Maximum thrust value’ greater than 400 N excluding civil certified engines with a ‘maximum thrust value’ greater than 8.89 kN ;
- 2. Specific fuel consumption of 0.15 kg N-1 h-1 or less ;
- 3. ‘Dry weight’ less than 750 kg; and
- 4. ‘First-stage rotor diameter’ less than 1 m;
Technical Notes:
- 1. ‘Maximum thrust value’ is the manufacturer’s demonstrated maximum thrust for the engine type un-installed at sea level static conditions using the ICAO standard atmosphere. The civil type certified thrust value will be equal to or less than the manufacturer’s demonstrated maximum thrust for the engine type un-installed.
- 2. Specific fuel consumption is determined at maximum continuous thrust for engine type un-installed at sea level static conditions using the ICAO standard atmosphere.
- 3. ‘Dry weight’ is the weight of the engine without fluids (fuel, hydraulic fluid, oil, etc.) and does not include the nacelle (housing).
- 4. ‘First-stage rotor diameter’ is the diameter of the first rotating stage of the engine, whether a fan or compressor, measured at the leading edge of the blade tips.
- Engines designed or modified for systems specified in 6-1.A. or 6 19.A.2., regardless of thrust, specific fuel consumption, ‘dry weight’ or ‘first-stage rotor diameter’.
Note:
Governments may permit the export of engines specified in 6-3.A.1. as part of a manned aircraft or in quantities appropriate for replacement parts for a manned aircraft.
- 2. Ramjet, scramjet, pulse jet, detonation, or ‘combined cycle’ engines, including devices to regulate combustion, and specially designed components therefor, usable in the systems specified in 6-1.A. or 6-19.A.2.
Technical Notes:
- 1. In Item 6-3.A.2., ‘combined cycle’ engine is the engine that employs two or more cycles of the following engine types: gas-turbine (turbojet, turboprop, turbofan and turboshaft), ramjet, scramjet, pulse jet, detonation or rocket motor or rocket engine (liquid , gel , solid propellant and hybrid).
- 2. In Item 6-3.A.2., detonation engines utilise detonation to produce a rise in effective pressure across the combustion chamber. Examples of detonation engines include pulse detonation engines, rotating detonation engines or continuous wave detonation engines.
- 3. Rocket motor cases, insulation components and nozzles for solid propellant or hybrid rocket motors usable in the subsystems specified in 6-2.A.1.c.1. or 6 20.A.1.b.1.
N.B.:
For insulation material in bulk or sheet form, see Item 6-3.C.2.
Note:
In Item 6-3.A.3., insulation intended to be applied to the components of a rocket motor, i.e. the case, nozzle inlets, case closures, includes cured or semi-cured compounded rubber components comprising sheet stock containing an insulating or refractory material. It may also be incorporated as stress relief boots or flaps.
- 4. Staging mechanisms, separation mechanisms, and interstages therefor, usable in the systems specified in 6-1.A.
N.B.:
For umbilical and interstage electrical connectors specially designed for systems specified in 6-1.A.1. or 6-19.A.1., see Item 6-11.A.5.
Technical Note:
Staging and separation mechanisms specified in 6-3.A.4. may contain some of the following components:
- Pyrotechnic bolts, nuts and shackles;
- Ball locks;
- Circular cutting devices;
- Flexible linear shaped charges (FLSC).
- 5. Liquid, slurry and gel propellant (including oxidisers) control systems, and specially designed components therefor, usable in the systems specified in 6 1.A., designed or modified to operate in vibration environments greater than 10 g rms between 20 Hz and 2 kHz.
Notes:
- 1. The only servo valves, pumps and gas turbines specified in 6-3.A.5. are the following:
- Servo valves designed for flow rates equal to or greater than 24 litres per minute, at an absolute pressure equal to or greater than 7 MPa, that have an actuator response time of less than 100 ms.
- Pumps, for liquid propellants, with shaft speeds equal to or greater than 8,000 rpm at the maximum operating mode or with discharge pressures equal to or greater than 7 MPa.
- Gas turbines, for liquid propellant turbopumps, with shaft speeds equal to or greater than 8,000 rpm at the maximum operating mode.
- 2. Governments may permit the export of systems and components specified in 6-3.A.5. as part of a satellite.
- 6. Specially designed components for hybrid rocket motors specified in 6-2.A.1.c.1. or 6-20.A.1.b.1.
- 7. Radial ball bearings having all tolerances specified in accordance with ISO 492 Tolerance Class 2 (or ANSI/ABMA Std 20 Tolerance Class ABEC-9 or other national equivalents), or better and having all of the following characteristics:
- An inner ring bore diameter between 12 and 50 mm;
- An outer ring outside diameter between 25 and 100 mm; and
- A width between 10 and 20 mm.
- 8. Liquid or gel propellant tanks specially designed for the propellants controlled in Item 6-4.C. or other liquid or gel propellants used in the systems specified in 6-1.A.1.
- 9. ‘Turboprop engine systems’ specially designed for the systems in 6-1.A.2. or 6-19.A.2., and specially designed components therefor, having a maximum power greater than 10 kW (achieved uninstalled at sea level static conditions using the ICAO standard atmosphere), excluding civil certified engines.
Technical Note:
For the purposes of Item 6-3.A.9., a ‘turboprop engine system’ incorporates all of the following:
- Turboshaft engine; and
- Power transmission system to transfer the power to a propeller.
- 10. Combustion chambers and nozzles for liquid propellant rocket engines or gel propellant rocket motors usable in the subsystems specified in 6-2.A.1.c.2. or 6- 20.A.1.b.2.
6-3.B. Test and Production Equipment
6-3.C. Materials
- 1. ‘Interior lining’ usable for rocket motor cases in the subsystems specified in 6-2.A.1. c.1. or specially designed for subsystems specified in 6- 20.A.1. b.1.
Technical Note:
In 6-3.C.1. ‘interior lining’ suited for the bond interface between the solid propellant and the case or insulating liner is usually a liquid polymer based dispersion of refractory or insulating materials e.g. carbon filled HTPB or other polymer with added curing agents to be sprayed or screeded over a case interior.
- 2. Insulation material in bulk form usable for rocket motor cases in the subsystems specified in 6-2.A.1.c.1. or specially designed for subsystems specified in 6-20.A.1.b.1.
Note:
In Item 6-3.C.2., insulation intended to be applied to the components of a rocket motor, i.e. the case, nozzle inlets, case closures, includes cured or semi-cured compounded rubber sheet stock containing an insulating or refractory material. It may also be incorporated as stress relief boots or flaps specified in 6-3.A.3.
6-3.D. Software
- 1. “Software” specially designed or modified for the “use” of “production facilities” and flow-forming machines specified in 6-3.B.1. or 6-3.B.3.
- 2. “Software” specially designed or modified for the “use” of equipment specified in 6-3.A.1., 6-3.A.2., 6-3.A.4., 6-3.A.5., 6-3.A.6. or 6-3.A.9.
Notes:
- 1. Governments may permit the export of “software” specially designed or modified for the “use” of engines specified in 6-3.A.1. as part of a manned aircraft or as replacement “software” therefor.
- 2. Governments may permit the export of “software” specially designed or modified for the “use” of propellant control systems specified in 6-3.A.5. as part of a satellite or as replacement “software” therefor.
- 3. “Software” specially designed or modified for the “development” of equipment specified in 6-3.A.2., 6-3.A.3. or 6-3.A.4.
6-3.E. Technology
- 1. “Technology”, in accordance with the General Technology Note, for the “development”, “production” or “use” of equipment, materials or “software” specified in 6-3.A.1., 6-3.A.2., 6-3.A.3., 6-3.A.4., 6-3.A.5., 6-3.A.6., 6-3.A.8., 6-3.A.9., 6-3.A.10., 6-3.B., 6-3.C. or 6-3.D.
6-4. Propellants, Chemicals and Propellant Production
6-4.A. Equipment, Assemblies and Components
None
6-4.B. Test and Production Equipment
- 1. “Production equipment”, and specially designed components therefor, for the “production”, handling or acceptance testing of liquid propellants or propellant constituents specified in 6-4.C.
- 2. “Production equipment”, other than that described in 6-4.B.3., and specially designed components therefor, for the production, handling, mixing, curing, casting, pressing, machining, extruding or acceptance testing of solid propellants or propellant constituents specified in 6-4.C.
Note:
Item 6-4.B.2. does not control batch mixers, continuous mixers and fluid
energy mills.
N.B.:
For batch mixers, continuous mixers and fluid energy mills, see Item 6-4.B.3.
- 3. Equipment as follows, and specially designed components therefor:
- Batch mixers having all of the following:
- 1. Designed or modified for mixing under vacuum in the range of zero to 13.326 kPa;
- 2. Capable of controlling the temperature of the mixing chamber;
- 3. A total volumetric capacity of 110 litres or more; and
- 4. At least one ‘mixing/kneading shaft’ mounted off centre;
Note:
In Item 6-4.B.3.a.4. the term ‘mixing/kneading shaft’ does not refer to deagglomerators or knife-spindles.
- Continuous mixers having all of the following:
- 1. Designed or modified for mixing under vacuum in the range of zero to 13.326 kPa;
- 2. Capable of controlling the temperature of the mixing chamber; and
- 3. Any of the following:
- Two or more mixing/kneading shafts; or
- All of the following:
- 1. A single rotating and oscillating shaft with kneading teeth/pins; and
- 2. Kneading teeth/pins inside the casing of the mixing chamber;
- Fluid energy mills usable for grinding or milling substances specified in 6-4.C.;
- Metal powder “production equipment” usable for the “production”, in a controlled environment, of spherical, spheroidal or atomised materials specified in 6-4.C.2.c., 6-4.C.2.d. or 6-4.C.2.e.
Note:
6-4.B.3.d. includes:
- Plasma generators (high frequency arc-jet) usable for obtaining sputtered or spherical metallic powders with organization of the process in an argon-water environment;
- Electroburst equipment usable for obtaining sputtered or spherical metallic powders with organization of the process in an argon-water environment;
- Equipment usable for the “production” of spherical aluminium powders by powdering a melt in an inert medium (e.g. nitrogen).
Note:
6-4.C. Materials
N.B.:
CAS numbers included in Item 6-4.C. are Technical Notes. For the use of CAS numbers in Group 6, see the Introduction section - Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Numbers Note.
6-4.C.1. Composite and composite modified double base propellants.
6-4.C.2. Fuel substances as follows:
- Hydrazine (CAS 302-01-2) with a concentration of more than 70%;
- Hydrazine derivatives as follows:
- 1. Monomethylhydrazine (MMH) (CAS 60-34-4);
- 2. Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) (CAS 57-14-7);
- 3. Hydrazine mononitrate (CAS -97-6);
- 4. Trimethylhydrazine (CAS -01-1);
- 5. Tetramethylhydrazine (CAS -12-9);
- 6. N,N diallylhydrazine (CAS -11-4);
- 7. Allylhydrazine (CAS -78-8);
- 8. Ethylene dihydrazine (CAS -98-0);
- 9. Monomethylhydrazine dinitrate;
- 10. Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine nitrate;
- 11. Hydrazinium azide (CAS -44-2);
- 12. 1,1-Dimethylhydrazinium azide (CAS -52-4) / 1,2-Dimethylhydrazinium azide (CAS -50-7);
- 13. Hydrazinium dinitrate (CAS -98-7);
- 14. Diimido oxalic acid dihydrazine (CAS -37-2);
- 15. 2-hydroxyethylhydrazine nitrate (HEHN);
- 16. Hydrazinium perchlorate (CAS -54-7);
- 17. Hydrazinium diperchlorate (CAS -39-0);
- 18. Methylhydrazine nitrate (MHN) (CAS -96-2);
- 19. 1,1-Diethylhydrazine nitrate (DEHN) / 1,2-Diethylhydrazine nitrate (DEHN) (CAS -17-2);
- 20. 3,6-dihydrazino tetrazine nitrate (DHTN);
Technical Note:
3,6-dihydrazino tetrazine nitrate is also referred to as 1,4-dihydrazine nitrate.
- Spherical or spheroidal aluminium powder (CAS -90-5) in particle size of less than 200 x 10-6 m (200 μm) and an aluminium content of 97% by weight or more, if at least 10% of the total weight is made up of particles of less than 63 μm, according to ISO -1: or national equivalents;
Technical Note:
A particle size of 63 μm (ISO R-565) corresponds to 250 mesh (Tyler) or 230 mesh (ASTM standard E-11).
- Metal powders of any of the following: zirconium (CAS -67-7), beryllium (CAS -41-7), magnesium (CAS -95-4) or alloys of these, if at least 90% of the total particles by particle volume or weight are made up of particles of less than 60µm (determined by measurement techniques such as using a sieve, laser diffraction or optical scanning), whether spherical, atomised, spheroidal, flaked or ground, consisting of 97% by weight or more of any of the above mentioned metals;
Note:
In a multimodal particle distribution (e.g. mixtures of different grain sizes) in which one or more modes are controlled, the entire powder mixture is controlled.
Technical Note:
The natural content of hafnium (CAS -58-6) in the zirconium (typically 2% to
7%) is counted with the zirconium.
- Metal powders of either boron (CAS -42-8) or boron alloys with a boron content of 85% or more by weight, if at least 90% of the total particles by particle volume or weight are made up of particles of less than 60µm (determined by measurement techniques such as using a sieve, laser diffraction or optical scanning), whether spherical, atomised, spheroidal, flaked or ground;
Note:
In a multimodal particle distribution (e.g. mixtures of different grain sizes) in which one or more modes are controlled, the entire powder mixture is controlled. - High energy density materials, usable in the systems specified in 6-1.A. or 6-19.A., as follows:
- 1. Mixed fuels that incorporate both solid and liquid fuels, such as boron slurry, having a mass-based energy density of 40 x 106 J/kg or greater;
- 2. Other high energy density fuels and fuel additives (e.g., cubane, ionic solutions, JP-10) having a volume-based energy density of 37.5 x 109 J/m3 or greater, measured at 20°C and one atmosphere (101.325 kPa) pressure.
Note:
Item 6-4.C.2.f.2. does not control fossil refined fuels and biofuels produced from vegetables, including fuels for engines certified for use in civil aviation, unless specifically formulated for systems specified in 6-1.A. or 6-19.A.
- Hydrazine replacement fuels as follows:
- 1. 2-Dimethylaminoethylazide (DMAZ) (CAS -04-8).
6-4.C.3. Oxidisers/Fuels as follows:
- a. Perchlorates, chlorates or chromates mixed with powdered metals or other
high energy fuel components; - b. Hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN) (CAS -08-2).
6-4.C.4. Oxidiser substances as follows:
- Oxidiser substances usable in liquid propellant rocket engines as follows:
- 1. Dinitrogen trioxide (CAS -73-7);
- 2. Nitrogen dioxide (CAS -44-0)/dinitrogen tetroxide (CAS -72-6);
- 3. Dinitrogen pentoxide (CAS -03-1);
- 4. Mixed Oxides of Nitrogen (MON);
Technical Note:
Mixed Oxides of Nitrogen (MON) are solutions of Nitric Oxide (NO) in Dinitrogen Tetroxide/Nitrogen Dioxide (N2O4/NO2) that can be used in missile systems. There are a range of compositions that can be denoted as MONi or MONij where i and j are integers representing the percentage of Nitric Oxide in the mixture (e.g. MON3 contains 3% Nitric Oxide, MON25 25% Nitric Oxide. An upper limit is MON40, 40% by weight).
- Oxidiser substances usable in solid propellant rocket motors as follows:
- 1. Ammonium perchlorate (AP) (CAS -98-9);
- 2. Ammonium dinitramide (ADN) (CAS -78-6);
- 3. Nitro-amines (cyclotetramethylene - tetranitramine (HMX) (CAS -41-0); cyclotrimethylene - trinitramine (RDX) (CAS 121-82-4));
- 4. Hydrazinium nitroformate (HNF) (CAS -28-8).
- 5. 2,4,6,8,10,12-Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) (CAS -90-4).
6-4.C.5. Polymeric substances, as follows:
6-4.C.6. Other propellant additives and agents as follows:
6-4.C.7. ‘Gel propellants’ specifically formulated for use in the systems specified in 6 1.A., 6-19.A.1. or 6-19.A.2.
- Technical Note:
- A ‘gel propellant’ is a fuel or oxidiser formulation using a gellant such as silicates, kaolin (clay), carbon or any polymeric gellant.
Technical Note:
Substance groupings in Item 6-4.C. (e.g. fuels, oxidisers, etc.) describe typical applications of propellant substances. A substance remains specified by Item 4.C. even when used in an application other than the typical one indicated by its grouping (e.g. hydrazinium perchlorate (CAS -54-7) is grouped as a fuel but can also be used as an oxidiser).
6-4.D. Software
- 1. “Software” specially designed or modified for the operation or maintenance of equipment specified in 6-4.B. for the “production” and handling of materials specified in 6-4.C.
6-4.E. Technology
- 1. “Technology”, in accordance with the General Technology Note, for the “development”, “production” or “use” of equipment or materials specified in 6-4.B. and 6-4.C.
6-5. Reserved for Future Use
6-6. Production of Structural Composites, Pyrolytic Deposition, Densification, and Structural Materials
6-6.A. Equipment, Assemblies and Components
- 1. Composite structures, laminates, and manufactures thereof, specially designed for use in the systems specified in 6-1.A., 6-19.A.1. or 6-19.A.2. or the subsystems specified in 6-2.A. or 6-20.A.
- 2. Resaturated pyrolised (i.e. carbon-carbon) components having all of the following:
- Designed for rocket systems; and
- Usable in the systems specified in 6-1.A. or 6-19.A.1.
6-6.B. Test and Production Equipment
- 1. Equipment for the “production” of structural composites, fibres, prepregs or preforms, usable in the systems specified in 6-1.A., 6-19.A.1. or 6-19.A.2. as follows, and specially designed components, and accessories therefor:
- Filament winding machines or ‘fibre/tow placement machines’, of which the motions for positioning, wrapping and winding fibres can be co-ordinated and programmed in three or more axes, designed to fabricate composite structures or laminates from fibrous or filamentary materials, and co-ordinating and programming controls;
- ‘Tape-laying machines’ of which the motions for positioning and laying tape can be co-ordinated and programmed in two or more axes, designed for the manufacture of composite airframes and missile structures;
Technical Notes:
1. A ‘filament band’ is a single continuous width of fully or partially resin-impregnated tape, tow, or fibre. Fully or partially resin-impregnated ‘filament bands’ include those coated with dry powder that tacks upon heating.
2. ‘Fibre/tow-placement machines’ and ‘tape-laying machines’ are machines that perform similar processes that use computer-guided heads to lay one or several ‘filament bands’ onto a mould to create a part or a structure. These machines have the ability to cut and restart individual ‘filament band’ courses during the laying process.
3. ‘Fibre/tow-placement machines’ have the ability to place one or more ‘filament bands’ having widths less than or equal to 25.4 mm. This refers to the minimum width of material the machine can place, regardless of the upper capability of the machine.
4. ‘Tape-laying machines’ have the ability to place one or more ‘filament bands’ having widths less than or equal to 304.8 mm, but cannot place ‘filaments bands’ with a width equal to or less than 25.4 mm. This refers to the minimum width of material the machine can place, regardless of the upper capability of the machine.
- Multi-directional, multi-dimensional weaving machines or interlacing machines, including adapters and modification kits for weaving, interlacing or braiding fibres to manufacture composite structures;
Note:
Item 6-6.B.1.c. does not control textile machinery not modified for the end-uses stated.
- Equipment designed or modified for the “production” of fibrous or filamentary materials as follows:
- 1. Equipment for converting polymeric fibres (such as polyacrylonitrile, rayon, or polycarbosilane) including special provision to strain the fibre during heating;
- 2. Equipment for the vapour deposition of elements or compounds on heated filament substrates;
- 3. Equipment for the wet-spinning of refractory ceramics (such as aluminium oxide);
- Equipment designed or modified for special fibre surface treatment or for producing prepregs and preforms, including rollers, tension stretchers, coating equipment, cutting equipment and clicker dies.
Note:
In Item 6-6.B.1., components and accessories include moulds, mandrels, dies, fixtures and tooling for the preform pressing, curing, casting, sintering or bonding of composite structures, laminates, and manufactures thereof.
- 2. Nozzles specially designed for the processes referred to in 6-6.E.3.
- 3. Isostatic presses having all of the following characteristics:
- Maximum working pressure equal to or greater than 69 MPa;
- Designed to achieve and maintain a controlled thermal environment of 600°C or greater; and
- Possessing a chamber cavity with an inside diameter of 254 mm or greater.
- 4. Chemical vapour deposition furnaces designed or modified for the densification of carbon-carbon composites.
- 5. Equipment and process controls, other than those specified in 6-6.B.3. or 6-6.B.4., designed or modified for densification and pyrolysis of structural composite rocket nozzles and re-entry vehicle nose tips.
6-6.C. Materials
- 1. Resin impregnated fibre prepregs and metal coated fibre preforms, for the goods specified in 6-6.A.1., made either with organic matrix or metal matrix utilising fibrous or filamentary reinforcements having a ‘specific tensile strength’ greater than 7.62 x 104 m and a ‘specific modulus’ greater than 3.18 x 106m.
Note:
The only resin impregnated fibre prepregs specified in 6-6.C.1. are those using resins with a glass transition temperature (Tg), after cure, exceeding 145°C as determined by ASTM D or national equivalents.
Technical Notes:
- 1. In Item 6-6.C.1. ‘specific tensile strength’ is the ultimate tensile strength in N/m2 divided by the specific weight in N/m3, measured at a temperature of (296 ± 2)K ((23 ± 2)°C) and a relative humidity of (50 ± 5)%.
- 2. In Item 6-6.C.1. ‘specific modulus’ is the Young’s modulus in N/m2 divided by the specific weight in N/m3, measured at a temperature of (296 ± 2)K ((23 ± 2)°C) and a relative humidity of (50 ± 5)%.
- 2. Resaturated pyrolised (i.e. carbon-carbon) materials having all of the following:
- Designed for rocket systems; and
- Usable in the systems specified in 6-1.A. or 6-19.A.1.
- 3. Fine grain graphites with a bulk density of at least 1.72 g/cc measured at 15º C and having a grain size of 100 x 10-6m (100 μm) or less, usable for rocket nozzles and re-entry vehicle nose tips, which can be machined to any of the following products:
- Cylinders having a diameter of 120 mm or greater and a length of 50 mm or greater;
- Tubes having an inner diameter of 65 mm or greater and a wall thickness of 25 mm or greater and a length of 50 mm or greater; or
- Blocks having a size of 120 mm x 120 mm x 50 mm or greater.
- 4. Pyrolytic or fibrous reinforced graphites usable for rocket nozzles and re-entry vehicle nose tips usable in systems specified in 6-1.A. or 6-19.A.1.
- 5. Ceramic composite materials (dielectric constant less than 6 at any frequency from 100 MHz to 100 GHz) for use in missile radomes usable in systems specified in 6-1.A. or 6-19.A.1.
- 6. High-temperature ceramic materials as follows:
- 7. Materials for the fabrication of missile components in the systems specified in 6-1.A., 6-19.A.1. or 6-19.A.2, as follows:
- Tungsten and alloys in particulate form with a tungsten content of 97% by weight or more and a particle size of 50 x 10-6 m (50 μ m) or less;
- Molybdenum and alloys in particulate form with a molybdenum content of 97% by weight or more and a particle size of 50 x 10-6 m (50 μ m) or less;
- Tungsten materials in the solid form having all of the following:
- 1. Any of the following material compositions:
- Tungsten and alloys containing 97% by weight or more of tungsten;
- Copper infiltrated tungsten containing 80% by weight or more of tungsten; or
- Silver infiltrated tungsten containing 80% by weight or more of tungsten; and
- 2. Able to be machined to any of the following products:
- Cylinders having a diameter of 120 mm or greater and a length of 50 mm or greater;
- Tubes having an inner diameter of 65 mm or greater and a wall thickness of 25 mm or greater and a length of 50 mm or greater; or
- Blocks having a size of 120 mm x 120 mm x 50 mm or greater.
- 8. Maraging steels, usable in the systems specified in 6-1.A. or 6-19.A.1., having all of the following:
- Having an ultimate tensile strength, measured at 20°C, equal to or greater than:
- 1. 0.9 GPa in the solution annealed stage; or
- 2. 1.5 GPa in the precipitation hardened stage; and
- Any of the following forms:
- 1. Sheet, plate or tubing with a wall or plate thickness equal to or less than 5.0 mm; or
- 2. Tubular forms with a wall thickness equal to or less than 50 mm and having an inner diameter equal to or greater than 270 mm.
Technical Note:
Maraging steels are iron alloys:
- Generally characterised by high nickel content, carbon content of less than or equal to 0.03% by weight, and use substitutional elements or precipitates to produce strengthening and age-hardening of the alloy; and
- Subjected to heat treatment cycles to facilitate the martensitic transformation process (solution annealed stage) and subsequently age hardened (precipitation hardened stage).
- 9. Titanium-stabilized duplex stainless steel (Ti-DSS) usable in the systems specified in 6-1.A. or 6-19.A.1. and having all of the following:
- Having all of the following characteristics:
- 1. Containing 17.0 - 23.0% by weight of chromium and 4.5 - 7.0% by weight of nickel;
- 2. Having a titanium content of greater than 0.10% by weight; and
- 3. A ferritic-austenitic microstructure (also referred to as a two-phase microstructure) of which at least 10% by volume (according to ASTM E--87 or national equivalents) is austenite; and
- Any of the following forms:
- 1. Ingots or bars having a size of 100 mm or more in each dimension;
- 2. Sheets having a width of 600 mm or more and a thickness of 3 mm or less; or
- 3. Tubes having an outer diameter of 600 mm or more and a wall thickness of 3 mm or less.
6-6.D. Software
- 1. “Software” specially designed or modified for the operation or maintenance of equipment specified in 6-6.B.1.
- 2. “Software” specially designed or modified for the equipment specified in 6-6.B.3., 6-6.B.4. or 6-6.B.5.
6-6.E. Technology
- 1. “Technology”, in accordance with the General Technology Note, for the “development”, “production” or “use” of equipment, materials or “software” specified in 6-6.A., 6-6.B., 6-6.C. or 6-6.D.
- 2. “Technical data” (including processing conditions) and procedures for the regulation of temperature, pressures or atmosphere in autoclaves or hydroclaves when used for the production of composites or partially processed composites, usable for equipment or materials specified in 6-6.A. or 6-6.C.
- 3. “Technology” for the “production” of pyrolytically derived materials formed on a mould, mandrel or other substrate from precursor gases which decompose in the 1,300°C to 2,900°C temperature range at pressures of 130 Pa (1 mm Hg) to 20 kPa (150 mm Hg) including “technology” for the composition of precursor gases, flow rates, and process control schedules and parameters.
6-7. Reserved for Future Use
6-8. Reserved for Future Use
6-9. Instrumentation, Navigation and Direction Finding
6-9.A. Equipment, Assemblies and Components
- 1. Integrated flight instrument systems which include gyrostabilisers or automatic pilots, designed or modified for use in the systems specified in 6-1.A., 6-19.A.1. or 6-19.A.2., and specially designed components therefor.
- 2. Gyro-astro compasses and other devices which derive position or orientation by means of automatically tracking celestial bodies or satellites, and specially designed components therefor.
- 3. Linear accelerometers, designed for use in inertial navigation systems or in guidance systems of all types, usable in the systems specified in 6-1.A., 6-19.A.1. or 6-19.A.2., having all of the following characteristics, and specially designed components therefor:
- ‘Scale factor’ ‘repeatability’ less (better) than 1,250 ppm; and
- ‘Bias’ ‘repeatability’ less (better) than 1,250 micro g.
Note:
Item 6-9.A.3. does not control accelerometers specially designed and developed as Measurement While Drilling (MWD) sensors for use in downhole well service operations.
Technical Notes:
- 4. All types of gyros usable in the systems specified in 6-1.A., 6-19.A.1 or 6-19.A.2., with a rated ‘drift rate’ ‘stability’ of less than 0.5 degrees (1 sigma or rms) per hour in a 1 g environment, and specially designed components therefor.
Technical Notes:
- 1. ‘Drift rate’ is defined as the component of gyro output that is functionally independent of input rotation and is expressed as an angular rate. (IEEE STD 528- paragraph 2.56)
- 2. ‘Stability’ is defined as a measure of the ability of a specific mechanism or performance coefficient to remain invariant when continuously exposed to a fixed operating condition. (This definition does not refer to dynamic or servo stability.) (IEEE STD 528- paragraph 2.247)
- 5. Accelerometers or gyros of any type, designed for use in inertial navigation systems or in guidance systems of all types, specified to function at acceleration levels greater than 100 g, and specially designed components therefor.
Note:
6-9.A.5. does not include accelerometers that are designed to measure vibration or shock.
- 6. ‘Inertial measurement equipment or systems’ using accelerometers specified in 6 9.A.3. or 6 9.A.5. or gyros specified in 6-9.A.4. or 6-9.A.5., and specially designed components therefor.
Note:
Item 6-9.A.6. includes:
- Attitude and Heading Reference Systems (AHRSs);
- Gyrocompasses;
- Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs);
- Inertial Navigation Systems (INSs);
- Inertial Reference Systems (IRSs);
- Inertial Reference Units (IRUs).
Technical Note:
‘Inertial measurement equipment or systems’ specified in Item 6-9.A.6. incorporate accelerometers or gyros to measure changes in velocity and orientation in order to determine or maintain heading or position without requiring an external reference once aligned.
- 7. ‘Integrated navigation systems’, designed or modified for the systems specified in 6-1.A., 6-19.A.1. or 6-19.A.2. and capable of providing a navigational accuracy of 200 m ‘CEP’ or less.
Technical Notes:
1. An ‘integrated navigation system’ typically incorporates all of the following components:
- An inertial measurement device (e.g. an attitude and heading reference system, inertial reference unit, or inertial navigation system);
- One or more external sensors used to update the position and/or velocity, either periodically or continuously throughout the flight (e.g. satellite navigation receiver, radar altimeter, and/or Doppler radar); and
- Integration hardware and software.
2. In Item 6-9.A.7., ‘CEP’ (Circular Error Probable or Circle of Equal Probability) is a measure of accuracy, defined as the radius of the circle inside of which there is a 50% probability of an individual measurement being located.
N.B. :
For integration “software”, see Item 6-9.D.4.
6-9.B. Test and Production Equipment
6-9.C. Materials
None
6-9.D. Software
6-9.E. Technology
- 1. “Technology”, in accordance with the General Technology Note, for the “development”, “production” or “use” of equipment or “software” specified in 6-9.A., 6-9.B. or 6-9.D.
Note:
Governments may permit the export of equipment or “software” specified in 6-9.A. or 6-9.D. as part of a manned aircraft, satellite, land vehicle, marine/submarine vessel or geophysical survey equipment or in quantities appropriate for replacement parts for such applications.
6-10. Flight Control
6-10.A. Equipment, Assemblies and Components
- 1. Pneumatic, hydraulic, mechanical, electro-optical, or electromechanical flight control systems (including fly-by-wire and fly-by-light systems) designed or modified for the systems specified in 6-1.A.
- 2. Attitude control equipment designed or modified for the systems specified in 6-1.A.
- 3. Flight control servo valves designed or modified for the systems in 6-10.A.1. or 6-10.A.2., and designed or modified to operate in a vibration environment greater than 10 g rms between 20 Hz and 2 kHz.
Notes:
1. Governments may permit the export of systems, equipment or valves specified in 6-10.A. as part of a manned aircraft or satellite or in quantities appropriate for replacement parts for manned aircraft.
2. For conversion of manned aircraft to operate as unmanned aerial vehicles specified in 6-1.A.2., Item 6-10.A. includes the systems, equipment and valves designed or modified to enable operation of manned aircraft as unmanned aerial vehicles.
6-10.B. Test and Production Equipment
- 1. Test, calibration, and alignment equipment specially designed for equipment specified in 6-10.A.
6-10.C. Materials
None
6-10.D. Software
- 1. “Software” specially designed or modified for the “use” of equipment specified in 6-10.A. or 6-10.B.
Note:
Governments may permit the export of “software” specified in 6-10.D.1. as part of a manned aircraft or satellite or in quantities appropriate for replacement parts for manned aircraft.
6-10.E. Technology
- 1. Design “technology” for integration of air vehicle fuselage, propulsion system and lifting control surfaces, designed or modified for the systems specified in 6-1.A.2. or 6-19.A.2., to optimise aerodynamic performance throughout the flight regime of an unmanned aerial vehicle.
- 2. Design “technology” for integration of the flight control, guidance, and propulsion data into a flight management system, designed or modified for the systems specified in 6-1.A.1. or 6-19.A.1., for optimisation of rocket system trajectory.
- 3. “Technology”, in accordance with the General Technology Note, for the “development”, “production” or “use” of equipment or “software” specified in 6-10.A., 6-10.B. or 6-10.D.
6-11. Avionics
6-11.A. Equipment, Assemblies and Components
- 1. Radar and ‘laser radar systems’, including altimeters, designed or modified for use in the systems specified in 6-1.A.
Technical Note:
‘Laser radar systems’ embody specialised transmission, scanning, receiving and signal processing techniques for utilisation of lasers for echo ranging, direction finding and discrimination of targets by location, radial speed and body reflection characteristics.
- 2. Passive sensors for determining bearings to specific electromagnetic sources (direction finding equipment) or terrain characteristics, designed or modified for use in the systems specified in 6-1.A.
- 3. Receiving equipment for navigation satellite systems, having any of the following characteristics, and specially designed components therefor:
- Designed or modified for use in systems specified in 6-1.A.; or
- Designed or modified for airborne applications and having any of the following:
- 1. Capable of providing navigation information at speeds in excess of 600 m/s;
- 2. Employing decryption, designed or modified for military or governmental services, to gain access to a navigation satellite system secure signal/data; or
- 3. Being specially designed to employ anti-jam features (e.g. null steering antenna or electronically steerable antenna) to function in an environment of active or passive countermeasures.
Notes:
1. Item 6-11.A.3.b.2. and 6-11.A.3.b.3. do not control equipment designed for commercial, civil or Safety of Life (e.g. data integrity, flight safety) navigation satellite system services.
2. In Item 6-11.A.3., navigation satellite system include Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS; e.g. GPS, GLONASS, Galileo or BeiDou) and Regional Navigation Satellite Systems (RNSS; e.g. NavIC, QZSS).
- 4. Electronic assemblies and components, designed or modified for use in the systems specified in 6-1.A. or 6-19.A. and specially designed for military use and operation at temperatures in excess of 125°C.
Note:- Items 6-11.A.1., 6-11.A.2., 6-11.A.3. and 6-11.A.4. include:
- Terrain contour mapping equipment;
- Scene mapping and correlation (both digital and analogue) equipment;
- Doppler navigation radar equipment;
- Passive interferometer equipment;
- Imaging sensor equipment (both active and passive).
- 5. Umbilical and interstage electrical connectors specially designed for systems specified in 6-1.A.1. or 6-19.A.1.
Note:
In Item 6-11.A.5., interstage electrical connectors also include electrical connectors installed between systems specified in 6-1.A.1. or 6-19.A.1. and their “payload”.
Note:
Governments may permit the export of equipment specified in 6-11.A. as part of a manned aircraft or satellite or in quantities appropriate for replacement parts for manned aircraft.
6-11.B. Test and Production Equipment
None
6-11.C. Materials
None
6-11.D. Software
- 1. “Software” specially designed or modified for the “use” of equipment specified in 6-11.A.1., 6-11.A.2. or 6-11.A.4.
- 2. “Software” specially designed for the “use” of equipment specified in 6-11.A.3.
6-11.E. Technology
- 1. Design “technology” for protection of avionics and electrical subsystems against Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) and Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) hazards from external sources, as follows:
- Design “technology” for shielding systems;
- Design “technology” for the configuration of hardened electrical circuits and subsystems;
- Design “technology” for determination of hardening criteria for the above.
- 2. “Technology”, in accordance with the General Technology Note, for the “development”, “production” or “use” of equipment or “software” specified in 6-11.A. or 6-11.D.
6-12. Launch Support
6-12.A. Equipment, Assemblies and Components
- 1. Apparatus and devices designed or modified for the handling, control, activation and launching of the systems specified in 6-1.A., 6-19.A.1. or 6-19.A.2.
Note:
Apparatus and devices specified in 6-12.A.1. include those installed on a manned aircraft or an unmanned aerial vehicle.
- 2. Vehicles designed or modified for the transport, handling, control, activation and launching of the systems specified in 6-1.A.
- 3. Gravity meters (gravimeters) or gravity gradiometers, designed or modified for airborne or marine use, usable for systems specified in 6-1.A., as follows, and specially designed components therefor:
- Gravity meters having all of the following characteristics:
- Gravity gradiometers
- 4. Telemetry and telecontrol equipment, including ground equipment, designed or modified for systems specified in 6-1.A., 6-19.A.1. or 6-19.A.2.
Notes:
- Item 6-12.A.4. does not control equipment designed or modified for manned aircraft or satellites.
- Item 6-12.A.4. does not control ground based equipment designed or modified for terrestrial or marine applications.
- Item 6-12.A.4. does not control equipment designed for commercial, civil or ‘Safety of Life’ (e.g., data integrity, flight safety) navigation satellite systems services.
- 5. Precision tracking systems, usable for systems specified in 6-1.A., 6-19.A.1. or 6-19.A.2. as follows:
- Tracking systems which use a code translator installed on the rocket or unmanned aerial vehicle in conjunction with either surface or airborne references or navigation satellite systems to provide real-time measurements of inflight position and velocity;
- Range instrumentation radars including associated optical/infrared trackers with all of the following capabilities:
- 1. Angular resolution better than 1.5 mrad;
- 2. Range of 30 km or greater with a range resolution better than 10 m rms; and
- 3. Velocity resolution better than 3 m/s.
- 6. Thermal batteries designed or modified for the systems specified in 6-1.A., 6-19.A.1. or 6-19.A.2.
Note:
Item 6-12.A.6. does not control thermal batteries specially designed for rocket systems or unmanned aerial vehicles that are not capable of a “range” equal to or greater than 300 km.
Technical Note:
Thermal batteries are single use batteries that contain a solid non-conducting inorganic salt as the electrolyte. These batteries incorporate a pyrolytic material that, when ignited, melts the electrolyte and activates the battery.
6-12.B. Test and Production Equipment
None
6-12.C. Materials
None
6-12.D. Software
- 1. “Software” specially designed or modified for the “use” of equipment specified in 6-12.A.1.
- 2. “Software” which processes post-flight, recorded data, enabling determination of vehicle position throughout its flight path, specially designed or modified for systems specified in 6-1.A., 6-19.A.1. or 6-19.A.2.
- 3. “Software” specially designed or modified for the “use” of equipment specified in 6-12.A.4. or 6-12.A.5., usable for systems specified in 6-1.A., 6-19.A.1. or 6-19.A.2.
6-12.E. Technology
- 1. “Technology”, in accordance with the General Technology Note, for the “development”, “production” or “use” of equipment or “software” specified in 6-12.A. or 6-12.D.
6-13. Computers
6-13.A. Equipment, Assemblies and Components
- 1. Analogue computers, digital computers or digital differential analysers, designed or modified for use in the systems specified in 6-1.A., having any of the following characteristics:
- Rated for continuous operation at temperatures from below –45°C to above +55°C; or
- Designed as ruggedised or “radiation hardened”.
6-13.B. Test and Production Equipment
None
6-13.C. Materials
None
6-13.D. Software
None
6-13.E. Technology
- 1. “Technology”, in accordance with the General Technology Note, for the “development”, “production” or “use” of equipment specified in 6-13.A.
Note:
Governments may permit the export of Item 6-13. equipment as part of a manned aircraft or satellite or in quantities appropriate for replacement parts for manned aircraft.
6-14. Analogue-to-Digital Converters
6-14.A. Equipment, Assemblies and Components
- 1. Analogue-to-digital converters, usable in the systems specified in 6-1.A., having any of the following characteristics:
- Designed to meet military specifications for ruggedised equipment; or
- Designed or modified for military use and being any of the following types:
- 1. Analogue-to-digital converter “microcircuits”, which are “radiation-hardened” or have all of the following characteristics:
- Rated for operation in the temperature range from below -54°C to above +125°C; and
- Hermetically sealed; or
- 2. Electrical input type analogue-to-digital converter printed circuit boards or modules, having all of the following characteristics:
- Rated for operation in the temperature range from below -45°C to above +80°C; and
- Incorporating “microcircuits” specified in 6-14.A.1.b.1.
6-14.B. Test and Production Equipment
None
6-14.C. Materials
None
6-14.D. Software
None
6-14.E. Technology
- 1. “Technology”, in accordance with the General Technology Note, for the “development”, “production” or “use” of equipment specified in 6-14.A.
6-15. Test Facilities and Equipment
6-15.A. Equipment, Assemblies and Components
None
6-15.B. Test and Production Equipment
- Vibration test equipment, usable for the systems specified in 6-1.A., 6-19.A.1. or 6-19.A.2. or the subsystems specified in 6-2.A. or 6-20.A., and components therefor, as follows:
- ‘Vibration test systems incorporating a digital controller’ and employing feedback or closed loop techniques, capable of vibrating a system at an acceleration equal to or greater than 10 g rms between 20 Hz and 2 kHz while imparting forces equal to or greater than 50 kN, measured ‘bare table’;
Technical Note:
In Item 6-15.B.1.a, ‘vibration test systems incorporating a digital controller’ are those systems, the functions of which are, partly or entirely, automatically controlled by stored and digitally coded electrical signals.
- Digital controllers, combined with specially designed vibration test “software”, with a ‘real-time control bandwidth’ greater than 5 kHz and designed for use with systems specified in 6-15.B.1.a.;
Technical Note:
In Item 6-15.B.1.b., ‘real-time control bandwidth’ is defined as the maximum rate at which a controller can execute complete cycles of sampling, processing data and transmitting control signals.
- Vibration thrusters (shaker units), with or without associated amplifiers, capable of imparting a force equal to or greater than 50 kN, measured ‘bare table’, and usable in systems specified in 6-15.B.1.a.;
- Test piece support structures and electronic units designed to combine multiple shaker units into a complete shaker system capable of providing an effective combined force equal to or greater than 50 kN, measured ‘bare table’, and usable in systems specified in 6-15.B.1.a.
- 2. Aerodynamic test facilities for speeds of Mach 0.9 or more, usable for the systems specified in 6-1.A. or 6-19.A. or the subsystems specified in 6-2.A. or 6 -20.A.
Notes:
1. Item 6-15.B.2. includes wind tunnels and shock tunnels for the study of airflow over objects.
2. Item 6-15.B.2 does not control wind tunnels for speeds of Mach 3 or less with dimension of the ‘test cross section size’ equal to or less than 250 mm.
Technical Note:
Test cross section size’ means the diameter of the circle, or the side of the square, or the longest side of the rectangle, or the major axis of the ellipse at the largest ‘test cross section’ location. ‘Test cross section’ is the section perpendicular to the flow direction. - 3. Test benches or test stands, usable for the systems specified in 6-1.A., 6-19.A.1. or 6-19.A.2. or the subsystems specified in 6-2.A. or 6-20.A., which have the capacity to handle solid or liquid propellant rockets, motors or engines having a thrust greater than 68 kN, or which are capable of simultaneously measuring the three axial thrust components.
- 4. Environmental chambers as follows, usable for the systems specified in 6-1.A. or 6-19.A. or the subsystems specified in 6-2.A. or 6-20.A.:
- Environmental chambers having all of the following characteristics:
- 1. Capable of simulating any of the following flight conditions:
- Altitude equal to or greater than 15 km; or
- Temperature range from below –50º C to above +125º C; and
- 2. Incorporating, or designed or modified to incorporate, a shaker unit or other vibration test equipment to produce vibration environments equal to or greater than 10 g rms, measured ‘bare table’, between 20 Hz and 2 kHz while imparting forces equal to or greater than 5 kN;
Technical Notes:
- 1. Item 6-15.B.4.a.2. describes systems that are capable of generating a vibration environment with a single wave (e.g. a sine wave) and systems capable of generating a broad band random vibration (i.e. power spectrum).
- 2. In Item 6-15.B.4.a.2., designed or modified means the environmental chamber provides appropriate interfaces (e.g. sealing devices) to incorporate a shaker unit or other vibration test equipment as specified in this Item.
- Environmental chambers capable of simulating all of the following flight conditions:
- 1. Acoustic environments at an overall sound pressure level of 140 dB or greater (referenced to 2 x 10-5 N/m2) or with a total rated acoustic power output of 4 kW or greater; and
- 2. Any of the following:
- Altitude equal to or greater than 15 km; or
- Temperature range from below -50°C to above +125°C.
- 5. Accelerators capable of delivering electromagnetic radiation produced by bremsstrahlung from accelerated electrons of 2 MeV or greater, and equipment containing those accelerators, usable for the systems specified in 6-1.A., 6-19.A.1. or 6-19.A.2. or the subsystems specified in 6-2.A. or 6-20.A.
Note:
Item 6-15.B.5. does not control equipment specially designed for medical purposes.
- 6. Aerothermodynamic test facilities, usable for the systems specified in 6 1.A. or 6-19.A. or the subsystems specified in 6-2.A. or 6-20.A., having any of the following characteristics:
- an electrical power supply equal to or greater than 5 MW; or
- a gas supply total pressure equal to or greater than 3 MPa.
Note:
Item 6-15.B.6. includes plasma arc jet facilities and plasma wind tunnels for the study of thermal and mechanical effects of airflow on objects.
Technical Note:
In Item 6-15.B. ‘bare table’ means a flat table, or surface, with no fixture or fittings.
6-15.C. Materials
None
6-15.D. Software
- 1. “Software” specially designed or modified for the “use” of equipment specified in 6-15.B. usable for testing systems specified in 6-1.A., 6-19.A.1. or 6-19.A.2. or subsystems specified in 6-2.A. or 6-20.A.
6-15.E. Technology
- 1. “Technology”, in accordance with the General Technology Note, for the “development”, “production” or “use” of equipment or “software” specified in 6-15.B. or 6-15.D.
6-16. Modelling-Simulation and Design Integration
6-16.A. Equipment, Assemblies and Components
6-16.B. Test and Production Equipment
None
6-16.C. Materials
None
6-16.D. Software
6-16.E. Technology
- 1. “Technology”, in accordance with the General Technology Note, for the “development”, “production” or “use” of equipment or “software” specified in 6-16.A. or 6-16.D.
6-17. Stealth
6-17.A. Equipment, Assemblies and Components
- 1. Devices for reduced observables such as radar reflectivity, ultraviolet/infrared signatures and acoustic signatures (i.e. stealth technology), for applications usable for the systems specified in 6-1.A. or 6-19.A. or the subsystems specified in 6-2.A. or 6-20.A.
6-17.B. Test and Production Equipment
- 1. Systems, specially designed for radar cross section measurement, usable for the systems specified in 6-1.A., 6-19.A.1. or 6-19.A.2. or the subsystems specified in 6-2.A.
6-17.C. Materials
- 1. Materials for reduced observables such as radar reflectivity, ultraviolet/infrared signatures and acoustic signatures (i.e. stealth technology), for applications usable for the systems specified in 6-1.A. or 6-19.A. or the subsystems specified in 6-2.A.
Notes:
- 1. 6-17.C.1. includes structural materials and coatings (including paints), specially designed for reduced or tailored reflectivity or emissivity in the microwave, infrared or ultraviolet spectra.
- 2. 6-17.C.1. does not control coatings (including paints) when specially used for thermal control of satellites.
6-17.D. Software
6-17.E. Technology
6-18. Nuclear Effects Protection
6-18.A. Equipment, Assemblies and Components
- 1. “Radiation Hardened” “microcircuits” usable in protecting rocket systems and unmanned aerial vehicles against nuclear effects (e.g. Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP), X-rays, combined blast and thermal effects), and usable for the systems specified in 6-1.A.
- 2. ‘Detectors’ specially designed or modified to protect rocket systems and unmanned aerial vehicles against nuclear effects (e.g. Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP), X-rays, combined blast and thermal effects), and usable for the systems specified in 6-1.A.
Technical Note:
A ‘detector’ is defined as a mechanical, electrical, optical or chemical device that automatically identifies and records, or registers a stimulus such as an environmental change in pressure or temperature, an electrical or electromagnetic signal or radiation from a radioactive material. This includes devices that sense by one time operation or failure.
- 3. Radomes designed to withstand a combined thermal shock greater than 4.184 x 106 J/m2 accompanied by a peak over pressure of greater than 50 kPa, usable in protecting rocket systems and unmanned aerial vehicles against nuclear effects (e.g., Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP), X-rays, combined blast and thermal effects), and usable for the systems specified in 6-1.A.
6-18.B. Test and Production Equipment
None
6-18.C. Materials
None
6-18.D. Software
None
6-18.E. Technology
- 1. “Technology”, in accordance with the General Technology Note, for the “development”, “production” or “use” of equipment specified in 6-18.A.
6-19. Other Complete Delivery Systems
6-19.A. Equipment, Assemblies and Components
6-19.B. Test and Production Equipment
6-19.C. Materials
None
6-19.D. Software
6-19.E. Technology
- 1. “Technology”, in accordance with the General Technology Note, for the “development”, “production” or “use” of equipment specified in 6-19.A.1. or 6-19.A.2.
6-20. Other Complete Subsystems
6-20.A. Equipment, Assemblies and Components
- 1. Complete subsystems as follows:
- a. Individual rocket stages, not specified in 6-2.A.1., usable in systems specified in 6-19.A.;
- b. Rocket propulsion subsystems, not specified in 6-2.A.1., usable in the systems specified in 6 19.A.1., as follows:
- 1. Solid propellant rocket motors or hybrid rocket motors having a total impulse capacity equal to or greater than 8.41 x 105 Ns, but less than 1.1 x 106 Ns;
- 2. Liquid propellant rocket engines or gel propellant rocket motors integrated, or designed or modified to be integrated, into a liquid propellant or gel propellant propulsion system which has a total impulse capacity equal to or greater than 8.41 x 105 Ns, but less than 1.1 x 106 Ns.
6-20.B. Test and Production Equipment
- 1. “Production facilities” specially designed for the subsystems specified in 6-20.A.
- 2. “Production equipment” specially designed for the subsystems specified in 6-20.A.
6-20.C. Materials
None
6-20.D. Software
- 1. “Software” specially designed or modified for the systems specified in 6-20.B.1.
- 2. “Software”, not specified in 6-2.D.2., specially designed or modified for the “use” of rocket motors or engines specified in 6-20.A.1.b.
6-20.E. Technology
- 1. “Technology”, in accordance with the General Technology Note, for the “development”, “production” or “use” of equipment or “software” specified in 6-20.A., 6-20.B. or 6-20.D.
Group 6 – Definitions
For the purpose of Group 6, the following definitions apply:
- “Accuracy”
- Usually measured in terms of inaccuracy, means the maximum deviation, positive or negative, of an indicated value from an accepted standard or true value.
- “Basic scientific research”
- Experimental or theoretical work undertaken principally to acquire new knowledge of the fundamental principles of phenomena or observable facts, not primarily directed towards a specific practical aim or objective.
- “Development”
- Is related to all phases prior to “production” such as:
- - design
- - design research
- - design analysis
- - design concepts
- - assembly and testing of prototypes
- - pilot production schemes
- - design data
- - process of transforming design data into a product
- - configuration design
- - integration design
- - layouts
- “In the public domain”
- This means “software” or “technology” which has been made available without restrictions upon its further dissemination. (Copyright restrictions do not remove “software” or “technology” from being “in the public domain”.)
- “Microcircuit”
- A device in which a number of passive and/or active elements are considered as indivisibly associated on or within a continuous structure to perform the function of a circuit.
- “Microprograms”
- A sequence of elementary instructions maintained in a special storage, the execution of which is initiated by the introduction of its reference instruction register.
- “Payload”
- The total mass that can be carried or delivered by the specified rocket system or unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system that is not used to maintain flight.
Note: The particular equipment, subsystems, or components to be included in the “payload” depends on the type and configuration of the vehicle under consideration.
Technical Notes:
- 1. Ballistic Missiles
- “Payload” for systems with separating re-entry vehicles (RVs) includes:
- 1. The RVs, including:
- Dedicated guidance, navigation, and control equipment;
- Dedicated countermeasures equipment;
- 2. Munitions of any type (e.g. explosive or non-explosive);
- 3. Supporting structures and deployment mechanisms for the munitions (e.g. hardware used to attach to, or separate the RV from, the bus/post-boost vehicle) that can be removed without violating the structural integrity of the vehicle;
- 4. Mechanisms and devices for safing, arming, fuzing or firing;
- 5. Any other countermeasures equipment (e.g. decoys, jammers or chaff dispensers) that separate from the RV bus/post-boost vehicle;
- 6. The bus/post-boost vehicle or attitude control/velocity trim module not including systems/subsystems essential to the operation of the other stages.
- “Payload” for systems with non-separating re-entry vehicles includes:
- 1. Munitions of any type (e.g. explosive or non-explosive);
- 2. Supporting structures and deployment mechanisms for the munitions that can be removed without violating the structural integrity of the vehicle;
- 3. Mechanisms and devices for safing, arming, fuzing or firing;
- 4. Any countermeasures equipment (e.g. decoys, jammers or chaff dispensers) that can be removed without violating the structural integrity of the vehicle.
- 2. Space Launch Vehicles
“Payload” includes:
- Spacecraft (single or multiple), including satellites;
- Spacecraft-to-launch vehicle adapters including, if applicable, apogee/perigee kick motors or similar manoeuvering systems and separation systems.
- 3. Sounding Rockets
“Payload” includes:
- Equipment required for a mission, such as data gathering, recording or transmitting devices for mission-specific data;
- Recovery equipment (e.g. parachutes) that can be removed without violating the structural integrity of the vehicle.
- 4. Cruise Missiles
“Payload” includes:
- Munitions of any type (e.g. explosive or non-explosive);
- Supporting structures and deployment mechanisms for the munitions that can be removed without violating the structural integrity of the vehicle;
- Mechanisms and devices for safing, arming, fuzing or firing;
- Countermeasures equipment (e.g. decoys, jammers or chaff dispensers) that can be removed without violating the structural integrity of the vehicle;
- Signature alteration equipment that can be removed without violating the structural integrity of the vehicle.
- 5. Other UAVs
“Payload” includes:
- Munitions of any type (e.g. explosive or non-explosive);
- Mechanisms and devices for safing, arming, fuzing or firing;
- Countermeasures equipment (e.g. decoys, jammers or chaff dispensers) that can be removed without violating the structural integrity of the vehicle;
- Signature alteration equipment that can be removed without violating the structural integrity of the vehicle;
- Equipment required for a mission such as data gathering, recording or transmitting devices for mission-specific data and supporting structures that can be removed without violating the structural integrity of the vehicle;
- Recovery equipment (e.g. parachutes) that can be removed without violating the structural integrity of the vehicle.
- Munitions supporting structures and deployment mechanisms that can be removed without violating the structural integrity of the vehicle.
- “Production”
Means all production phases such as: - - production engineering
- - manufacture
- - integration
- - assembly (mounting)
- - inspection
- - testing
- - quality assurance
- “Production equipment”
- Means tooling, templates, jigs, mandrels, moulds, dies, fixtures, alignment mechanisms, test equipment, other machinery and components therefor, limited to those specially designed or modified for “development” or for one or more phases of “production”.
- “Production facilities”
- Means “production equipment” and specially designed “software” therefor integrated into installations for “development” or for one or more phases of “production”.
- “Programs”
- A sequence of instructions to carry out a process in, or convertible into, a form executable by an electronic computer.
- “Radiation hardened”
- Means that the component or equipment is designed or rated to withstand radiation levels which meet or exceed a total irradiation dose of 5 x 105 rads (Si).
- “Range”
- The maximum distance that the specified rocket system or unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system is capable of travelling in the mode of stable flight as measured by the projection of its trajectory over the surface of the Earth.
Technical Notes:
- 1. The maximum capability based on the design characteristics of the system, when fully loaded with fuel or propellant, will be taken into consideration in determining “range”.
- 2. The “range” for both rocket systems and UAV systems will be determined independently of any external factors such as operational restrictions, limitations imposed by telemetry, data links or other external constraints.
- 3. For rocket systems, the “range” will be determined using the trajectory that maximises “range”, assuming ICAO standard atmosphere with zero wind.
- 4. For UAV systems, the “range” will be determined for a one-way distance using the most fuel-efficient flight profile (e.g. cruise speed and altitude), assuming ICAO standard atmosphere with zero wind.
- “Software”
- A collection of one or more “programs”, or “microprograms”, fixed in any tangible medium of expression.
- “Technology”
- Means specific information which is required for the “development”, “production” or “use” of a product. The information may take the form of “technical data” or “technical assistance”.
- “Technical assistance”
May take forms such as: - - instruction
- - skills
- - training
- - working knowledge
- - consulting services
- “Technical data”
May take forms such as: - - blueprints
- - plans
- - diagrams
- - models
- - formulae
- - algorithms
- - tables
- - engineering designs and specifications
- - manuals and instructions written or recorded on other media or devices such as:
- - disk
- - tape
- - read-only memories
- “Use”
Means: - - operation
- - installation (including on-site installation)
- - maintenance
- - repair
- - overhaul
- - refurbishing
Group 6 – Terminology
Where the following terms appear in Group 6, they are to be understood according to the explanations below:
- “Specially designed” describes equipment, parts, components, materials or “software” which, as a result of “development”, have unique properties that distinguish them for certain predetermined purposes. For example, a piece of equipment that is “specially designed” for use in a missile will only be considered so if it has no other function or use. Similarly, a piece of manufacturing equipment that is “specially designed” to produce a certain type of component will only be considered such if it is not capable of producing other types of components.
- “Designed or modified” describes equipment, parts or components which, as a result of “development,” or modification, have specified properties that make them fit for a particular application. “Designed or modified” equipment, parts, components or “software” can be used for other applications. For example, a titanium coated pump designed for a missile may be used with corrosive fluids other than propellants.
- “Usable in”, “usable for”, “usable as” or “capable of” describes equipment, parts, components, materials or “software” which are suitable for a particular purpose. There is no need for the equipment, parts, components or “software” to have been configured, modified or specified for the particular purpose. For example, any military specification memory circuit would be “capable of” operation in a guidance system.
- “Modified” in the context of “software” describes “software” which has been intentionally changed such that it has properties that make it fit for specified purposes or applications. Its properties may also make it suitable for purposes or applications other than those for which it was “modified”.
Units, Constants, Acronyms and Abbreviations Used in Group 6ABECAnnular Bearing Engineers CommitteeABMAAmerican Bearing Manufactures AssociationANSIAmerican National Standards InstituteAngstrom1 x 10 -10 metreASTMAmerican Society for Testing and Materialsbarunit of pressure°Cdegree Celsiuscccubic centimetreCASChemical Abstracts ServiceCEPCircular Error Probable or Circle of Equal ProbabilitydBdecibelggram; also, acceleration due to gravityGHzgigahertzGNSSGlobal Navigation Satellite System
e.g. BeiDou
Galileo
GLONASS – Global’naya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema
GPS – Global Positioning SystemhhourHzhertzHTPBHydroxy-Terminated PolybutadieneICAOInternational Civil Aviation OrganisationIEEEInstitute of Electrical and Electronic EngineersIRInfraredISOInternational Organization for StandardizationJjouleJISJapanese Industrial StandardKKelvinkgkilogramkHzkilohertzkmkilometrekNkilonewtonkPakilopascalkWkilowattmmetreMeVmillion electron volt or mega electron voltMHzmegahertzmilligal10-5 m/s2 (also called mGal, mgal or milligalileo)mmmillimetremm Hgmm of mercuryMPamegapascalmradmilliradianmsmillisecondμmmicrometreNnewtonPapascalppmparts per millionrads (Si)radiation absorbed doseRFradio frequencyrmsroot mean squareRNSSRegional Navigation Satellite System
e.g. ‘NavIC’ – Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System
‘QZSS’– Quasi Zenith Satellite Systemrpmrevolutions per minuteRVRe-entry VehiclesssecondTgglass transition temperatureTylerTyler mesh size, or Tyler standard sieve seriesUAVUnmanned Aerial VehicleUVUltra violet
Table of Conversions Used in Group 6Unit (from)Unit (to)Conversionbarpascal (Pa)1 bar = 100 kPag (gravity)m/s21 g = 9. m/s2mrad (millirad)degrees (angle)1 mrad ≈ 0.°radsergs/gram of Si1 rad (Si) = 100 ergs/gram of silicon
(= 0.01 gray [Gy])Tyler 250 meshmmFor a Tyler 250 mesh, mesh opening 0.063 mm
Group 7 - Chemical and Biological Weapons Non-Proliferation List
Notes:
- 1. Terms in “double quotation marks” are defined terms. Refer to “Group 7 - Definitions”.
- 2. In items 7-3. and 7-4. the numbers in brackets following the chemical name in each item is the Chemical Abstracts Service Registry number for that chemical as listed in the Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Handbook published by the American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C.
- 3. Mixtures containing any quantity of CWC Schedule 1A or 1B chemicals/precursors (Items 7-3.1. or 7‑3.2.) are also controlled.
- 4. Mixtures containing more than 10% of chemicals/ precurors listed in CWC Schedules 2A or 2B (items 7-3.3. or 7-3.4.) are controlled unless the listed chemical is an ingredient in a product identified as a consumer good packaged for retail sale or packaged for personal use.
- 5. Mixtures containing more than 30% of chemicals/precursors listed in CWC Schedules 3A or 3B (items 7-3.5. or 7-3.6.) or Australia Group (item 7-4.) are controlled unless the listed chemical is an ingredient in a product identified as a consumer good packaged for retail sale or packaged for personal use.
- 6. Item 7-3. is based on the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction. (known as the Chemical Weapons Convention or CWC.) The other items in the Group are based on the Australia Group (AG).
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Numbers:
Chemicals are listed by name, Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) number and CWC Schedule (where applicable). Chemicals of the same structural formula (e.g., hydrates, isotopically-labelled forms or all possible stereoisomers) are controlled regardless of name or CAS number. CAS numbers are shown to assist in identifying whether a particular chemical or mixture is controlled, irrespective of nomenclature. However, CAS numbers cannot be used as unique identifiers in all situations because some forms of the listed chemical have different CAS numbers, and mixtures containing a listed chemical may also have different CAS numbers.
Dual-use Chemical Manufacturing Facilities and Equipment, Chemical Weapons and Related Software and Technology
7-1. Equipment, Assemblies and Components
None
7-2. Manufacturing Facilities and Equipment
Notes:
- 1. The objective of these controls should not be defeated by the transfer of any non-controlled item containing one or more controlled components where the controlled component or components are the principal element of the item and can feasibly be removed or used for other purposes.
N.B.:
- 1. In judging whether the controlled component or components are to be considered the principal element, governments should weigh the factors of quantity, value, and technological know-how involved and other special circumstances which might establish the controlled component or components as the principal element of the item being procured.
- 2. The objective of these controls should not be defeated by the transfer of a whole plant, on any scale, which has been designed to produce any CW agent or AG-controlled precursor chemical.
- 3. The materials used for gaskets, packing, seals, screws, washers or other materials performing a sealing function do not determine the status of control of the items listed below, provided that such components are designed to be interchangeable.
7-2.1. Reaction Vessels, Reactors or Agitators, Storage Tanks, Containers or Receivers, Heat Exchangers or Condensers, Distillation or Absorption Columns, Valves, Multi-walled Piping, Pumps, Filling Equipment, Incinerators and prefabricated repair assemblies, as follows:
- Reaction vessels or reactors, with or without agitators, with total internal (geometric) volume greater than 0.1 m3 (100 l) and less than 20 m3 (20,000 l), where all surfaces that come in direct contact with the chemical(s) being processed or contained are made from the following materials:
- Agitators designed for use in the above-mentioned reaction vessels or reactors; and impellers, blades or shafts designed for such agitators; where all surfaces of the agitator that come in direct contact with the chemical(s) being processed or contained are made from any of the following materials:
- 1. Nickel or alloys with more than 40% nickel by weight;
- 2. Alloys with more than 25% nickel and 20% chromium by weight;
- 3. Fluoropolymers (polymeric or elastomeric materials with more than 35% fluorine by weight);
- 4. Glass or glass-lined (including vitrified or enamelled coating);
- 5. Tantalum or tantalum alloys;
- 6. Titanium or titanium alloys;
- 7. Zirconium or zirconium alloys; or
- 8. Niobium (columbium) or niobium alloys.
- Storage tanks, containers or receivers, with a total internal (geometric) volume greater than 0.1 m3 (100 l) where all surfaces that come in direct contact with the chemical(s) being processed or contained are made from the following materials:
- 1. Nickel or alloys with more than 40% nickel by weight;
- 2. Alloys with more than 25% nickel and 20% chromium by weight;
- 3. Fluoropolymers (polymeric or elastomeric materials with more than 35% fluorine by weight);
- 4. Glass or glass-lined (including vitrified or enamelled coating);
- 5. Tantalum or tantalum alloys;
- 6. Titanium or titanium alloys;
- 7. Zirconium or zirconium alloys; or
- 8. Niobium (columbium) or niobium alloys.
N.B.:
For prefabricated repair assemblies and their specially designed components, see 7-2.1.l.
- Heat exchangers or condensers with a heat transfer surface area of greater than 0.15 m2, and less than 20 m2; and tubes, plates, coils, or blocks (cores), designed for such heat exchangers or condensers, where all surfaces that come in direct contact with the chemical(s) being processed are made from the following materials:
- 1. Nickel or alloys with more than 40% nickel by weight;
- 2. Alloys with more than 25% nickel and 20% chromium by weight;
- 3. Fluoropolymers (polymeric or elastomeric materials with more than 35% fluorine by weight);
- 4. Glass or glass-lined (including vitrified or enamelled coating);
- 5. Graphite or carbon-graphite;
- 6. Tantalum or tantalum alloys;
- 7. Titanium or titanium alloys;
- 8. Zirconium or zirconium alloys;
- 9. Silicon carbide;
- 10. Titanium carbide; or
- 11. Niobium (columbium) or niobium alloys.
Technical Note:
Carbon-graphite is a composition consisting of amorphous carbon and graphite, in which the graphite content is eight percent or more by weight.
- Distillation or absorption columns of internal diameter greater than 0.1 m; and liquid distributors, vapour distributors or liquid collectors designed for such distillation or absorption columns, where all surfaces that come in direct contact with the chemical(s) being processed are made from the following materials:
- 1. Nickel or alloys with more than 40% nickel by weight;
- 2. Alloys with more than 25% nickel and 20% chromium by weight;
- 3. Fluoropolymers (polymeric or elastomeric materials with more than 35% fluorine by weight);
- 4. Glass or glass-lined (including vitrified or enamelled coating);
- 5. Graphite or carbon-graphite;
- 6. Tantalum or tantalum alloys;
- 7. Titanium or titanium alloys;
- 8. Zirconium or zirconium alloys; or
- 9. Niobium (columbium) or niobium alloys.
Technical Note:
Carbon-graphite is a composition consisting of amorphous carbon and graphite, in which the graphite content is eight percent or more by weight.
- Valves
- 1. Valves, having both of the following:
- A nominal size greater than DN 10 or NPS 3/8, and
- All surfaces that come in direct contact with the chemical(s) being produced, processed, or contained are made from the materials of construction in Technical Note 1 of this entry;
- 2. Valves, not already identified in 7-2.1.f.1., having all of the following:
- A nominal size equal to or greater than DN 25 or NPS 1 and equal to or less than DN 100 or NPS 4,
- Casings (valve bodies) or preformed casing liners,
- A closure element designed to be interchangeable, and
- All surfaces of the casing (valve body) or preformed case liner that come in direct contact with the chemical(s) being produced, processed, or contained are made from the materials of construction in Technical Note 1 of this entry.
- 3. Components, as follows:
- Casings (valve bodies) designed for valves in 7-2.1.f.1. or 7-2.1.f.2., in which all surfaces that come in direct contact with the chemical(s) being produced, processed, or contained are made from the materials of construction in Technical Note 1 of this entry;
- Preformed casing liners designed for valves in 7-2.1.f.1. or 7-2.1.f.2., in which all surfaces that come in direct contact with the chemical(s) being produced, processed, or contained are made from the materials of construction in Technical Note 1 of this entry.
Technical Note 1:
Materials of construction for valves include any of the following:- 1. Nickel or alloys with more than 40% nickel by weight;
- 2. Alloys with more than 25% nickel and 20% chromium by weight;
- 3. Fluoropolymers (polymeric or elastomeric materials with more than 35% fluorine by weight);
- 4. Glass or glass-lined (including vitrified or enamelled coating);
- 5. Tantalum or tantalum alloys;
- 6. Titanium or titanium alloys;
- 7. Zirconium or zirconium alloys;
- 8. Niobium (columbium) or niobium alloys; or
- 9. Ceramics materials as follows:
- Silicon carbide with a purity of 80% or more by weight;
- Aluminum oxide (alumina) with a purity of 99.9% or more by weight; or
- Zirconium oxide (zirconia);
Technical Note 2:
The ‘nominal size’ is defined as the smaller of the inlet and outlet port diameters.
Technical Note 3:
Metric nominal sizes (DN) of valves are in accordance with ISO:. Nominal Pipe Sizes (NPS) are in accordance with ASME B36.10 or B36.19, or national equivalents.
- Multi-walled piping incorporating a leak detection port, in which all surfaces that come in direct contact with the chemical(s) being processed or contained are made from the following materials:
- 1. Nickel or alloys with more than 40% nickel by weight;
- 2. Alloys with more than 25% nickel and 20% chromium by weight;
- 3. Fluoropolymers (polymeric or elastomeric materials with more than 35% fluorine by weight);
- 4. Glass or glass-lined (including vitrified or enamelled coating);
- 5. Graphite or carbon-graphite;
- 6. Tantalum or tantalum alloys;
- 7. Titanium or titanium alloys;
- 8. Zirconium or zirconium alloys; or
- 9. Niobium (columbium) or niobium alloys.
Technical Note:
Carbon-graphite is a composition consisting of amorphous carbon and graphite, in which the graphite content is eight percent or more by weight.
- Multiple-seal and seal-less pumps with manufacturer’s specified maximum flow-rate greater than 0.6 m3/h, or vacuum pumps with manufacturer’s specified maximum flow-rate greater than 5 m3/h (under standard temperature (273 K (0°C)) and pressure (101.3 kPa) conditions), and casings (pump bodies), preformed casing liners, impellers, rotors or jet pump nozzles designed for such pumps, in which all surfaces that come into direct contact with the chemical(s) being processed are made from any of the following materials:
- 1. Nickel or alloys with more than 40% nickel by weight;
- 2. Alloys with more than 25% nickel and 20% chromium by weight;
- 3. Fluoropolymers (polymeric or elastomeric materials with more than 35% fluorine by weight);
- 4. Glass or glass-lined (including vitrified or enamelled coating);
- 5. Graphite or carbon-graphite
- 6. Tantalum or tantalum alloys;
- 7. Titanium or titanium alloys;
- 8. Zirconium or zirconium alloys;
- 9. Ceramics;
- 10. Ferrosilicon (high silicon iron alloys); or
- 11. Niobium (columbium) or niobium alloys.
Technical Note 1:
Carbon-graphite is a composition consisting of amorphous carbon and graphite, in which the graphite content is eight percent or more by weight.
Technical Note 2:
The seals referred to in this control come into direct contact with the chemical(s) being processed (or are designed to), and provide a sealing function where a rotary or reciprocating drive shaft passes through a pump body.
- Remotely operated filling equipment in which all surfaces that come in direct contact with the chemical(s) being processed are made from the following materials:
- 1. Nickel or alloys with more than 40% nickel by weight; or
- 2. Alloys with more than 25% nickel and 20% chromium by weight.
- Incinerators designed to destroy CW agents, AG-controlled precursors or chemical munitions, having specially designed waste supply systems, special handling facilities, and an average combustion chamber temperature greater than 1,000°C, in which all surfaces in the waste supply system that come into direct contact with the waste products are made from or lined with the following materials:
- 1. Nickel or alloys with more than 40% nickel by weight;
- 2. Alloys with more than 25% nickel and 20% chromium by weight; or
- 3. Ceramics.
- Prefabricated repair assemblies and their specially designed components, that:
- 1. are designed for mechanical attachment to glass-lined reaction vessels or reactors specified in 7-2.1.a.; and
- 2. have metallic surfaces that come in direct contact with the chemical(s) being processed which are made from tantalum or tantalum alloys.
- Prefabricated repair assemblies and their specially designed components, that:
- 1. are designed for mechanical attachment to glass-lined storage tanks, containers or receivers specified in 7-2.1.c; and
- 2. have metallic surfaces that come in direct contact with the chemical(s) being processed which are made from tantalum or tantalum alloys.
Technical Note:
For the listed materials in the above entries 7-2.1.a. to 7-2.1.l., the term ‘alloy’ when not accompanied by a specific elemental concentration is understood as identifying those alloys where the identified metal is present in a higher percentage by weight than any other element.
Statement of Understanding
These controls do not apply to equipment which is specially designed for use in civil applications (for example, food processing, pulp and paper processing or water purification, etc.) and is, by the nature of its design, inappropriate for use in storing, processing, producing or conducting and controlling the flow of chemical warfare agents or any of the AG-controlled precursor chemicals in entries 7-3. or 7-4.
7-2.2. Deleted.
N.B.:
For remotely operated filling equipment, see 7-2.1.i .
7-2.3. Deleted.
N.B.:
For incinerators, see 7-2.1.j .
7-2.4. Toxic gas monitors and monitoring systems, and their dedicated detecting components as follows: detectors; sensor devices; replaceable sensor cartridges; and dedicated software for such equipment
- Designed for continuous operation and usable for the detection of chemical warfare agents or AG-controlled precursors, with a ‘minimum detection limit’ of less than 0.3 mg/m3; or
- Designed for the detection of cholinesterase-inhibiting activity.
Technical Note 1:
The ‘minimum detection limit’ of toxic gas monitors or monitoring systems is the lowest detectable concentration of the analyte required to produce a signal greater than three times the standard deviation of the toxic gas monitor’s or monitoring system’s signal when measuring a blank sample.
In the case of toxic gas monitors or monitoring systems having a deadband or programmed zero suppression, the ‘minimum detection limit’ is the lowest detectable concentration required to produce a reading.
(Item 7-2. applies to all destinations except Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Cyprus, Romania, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom and United States.)
7-3. CWC Materials
(All destinations applies to all 7-3 Items)
- 1. CWC Schedule 1 A Toxic Chemicals:
- O-Alkyl (equal to or less than C10, including cycloalkyl) alkyl (Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl or Isopropyl) - phosphonofluoridate;
e.g. Sarin (GB):O-Isopropyl methylphosphono-fluoridate, (CAS 107-44-8);
Soman (GD):O-Pinacolyl methyl-phosphono-fluoridate, (CAS 96-64-0);
- O-Alkyl (equal to or less than C10, including cycloalkyl) N,N-dialkyl (Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl or Isopropyl) phosphoramidocyanidates;
e.g. Tabun: O-Ethyl N,N-dimethylphosphoramidocyanidate, (CAS 77-81-6);
- O-Alkyl (H or equal to or less than C10, including cycloalkyl) S-2-dialkyl (Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl or Isopropyl)-aminoethyl alkyl (Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl or Isopropyl) phosphonothiolates and corresponding alkylated or protonated salts;
e.g. VX: O-Ethyl S-2-diisopropylaminoethyl methylphosphonothiolate, (CAS -69-9);
- Sulphur mustards:
2-Chloroethylchloromethylsulphide, (CAS -76-5);
Mustard gas: Bis(2-chloroethyl) sulphide, (CAS 505-60-2);
Bis(2-chloroethylthio) methane, (CAS -13-6);
Sesquimustard: 1,2-Bis(2-chloroethylthio)ethane, (CAS -36-8);
1,3-Bis(2-chloroethylthio)-n-propane, (CAS -10-2);
1,4-Bis(2-chloroethylthio)-n-butane, (CAS -93-7);
1,5-Bis(2-chloroethylthio)-n-pentane, (CAS -94-8);
Bis (2-chloroethylthiomethyl) ether; (CAS -90-1);
O-Mustard: Bis(2-chloroethylthioethyl)ether, (CAS -89-8);
- Lewisites:
Lewisite 1: 2-Chlorovinyldichloroarsine, (CAS 541-25-3);
Lewisite 2: Bis(2-chlorovinyl)chloroarsine, (CAS -69-8);
Lewisite 3: Tris (2-chlorovinyl) arsine, (CAS -70-1);
- Nitrogen mustards:
HN1: Bis (2-chloroethyl)ethylamine, (CAS 538-07-8);
HN2: Bis (2-chloroethyl)methylamine, (CAS 51-75-2);
HN3: Tris (2-chloroethyl)amine, (CAS 555-77-1);
- Saxitoxin, (CAS -89-8);
- Ricin, (CAS -86-3 );
- Р-alkyl (H or ≤C10, incl. cycloalkyl) N-(1-(dialkyl(≤C10, incl. cycloalkyl)amino))alkylidene(H or ≤C10, incl. cycloalkyl) phosphonamidic fluorides and corresponding alkylated or protonated salts;
e.g. N-(1-(di-n-decylamino)-n-decylidene)-P-decylphosphonamidic fluoride
(CAS ‑99‑8);
Methyl-(1-(diethylamino)ethylidene)phosphonamidofluoridate (CAS ‑12‑8); - O-alkyl (H or ≤C10, incl. cycloalkyl) N-(1-(dialkyl(≤C10, incl. cycloalkyl)amino))alkylidene(H or ≤C10, incl. cycloalkyl) phosphoramidofluoridates and corresponding alkylated or protonated salts;
e.g. O-n-Decyl N-(1-(di-n-decylamino)-n-decylidene)phosphoramidofluoridate (CAS ‑00‑4);
Methyl (1-(diethylamino)ethylidene)phosphoramidofluoridate (CAS ‑04‑8);
Ethyl (1-(diethylamino)ethylidene)phosphoramidofluoridate (CAS -06-0); - Methyl-(bis(diethylamino)methylene)phosphonamidofluoridate (CAS -14-0);
- Carbamates (quaternaries and bisquaternaries of dimethylcarbamoyloxypyridines)
Quaternaries of dimethylcarbamoyloxypyridines:
1-[N,N-dialkyl(≤C10)-N-(n-(hydroxyl, cyano, acetoxy)alkyl(≤C10)) ammonio]-n-[N (3-dimethylcarbamoxy-α-picolinyl)-N,N-dialkyl(≤C10) ammonio]decane dibromide (n=1-8);
e.g. 1-[N,N-dimethyl-N-(2-hydroxy)ethylammonio]-10-[N-(3-dimethylcarbamoxy-α-picolinyl)-N,N-dimethylammonio]decane dibromide (CAS -62-2);
Bisquaternaries of dimethylcarbamoyloxypyridines:
1,n-Bis[N-(3-dimethylcarbamoxy-α-picolyl)-N,N-dialkyl(≤C10) ammonio]-alkane-(2,(n-1)-dione) dibromide (n=2-12); e.g. 1,10-Bis[N-(3-dimethylcarbamoxy-α-picolyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylammonio]decane-2,9-dione dibromide (CAS -00-8).
- 2. CWC Schedule 1 B Precursors:
- 3. CWC Schedule 2 A Toxic Chemicals:
- Amiton: O,O-Diethyl S-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl] phosphorothiolate, (CAS 78-53-5) and corresponding alkylated or protonated salts;
- PFIB: 1,1,3,3,3-Pentafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1-propene, (CAS 382-21-8);
- BZ: 3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate, (CAS -06-2).
- 4. CWC Schedule 2 B Precursors:
- Chemicals, except for those listed in Item 7-3.1. or 7-3.2., containing a phosphorus atom to which is bonded one methyl, ethyl or propyl (normal or iso) group but not further carbon atoms, such as:
- 1. Dimethyl methylphosphonate, (CAS 756-79-6);
- 2. Methylphosphonyl dichloride, (CAS 676-97-1);
Note:
This Item does not control Fonofos: O-Ethyl S-phenyl ethylphosphonothiolothionate, (CAS 944-22-9).
- N,N-Dialkyl (Me, Et, n-Pr or i-Pr) phosphoramidic dihalides;
- Dialkyl (Me, Et, n-Pr or i-Pr) N,N-Dialkyl (Me, Et, n-Pr or i-Pr)-phosphoramidates;
- Arsenic trichloride, (CAS -34-1);
- Benzilic acid: 2,2-diphenyl-2-hydroxyacetic acid, (CAS 76-93-7);
- Quinuclidin-3-ol, (CAS -34-7);
- N,N-Dialkyl (Me, Et, n-Pr or i-Pr) aminoethyl-2-chlorides and corresponding protonated salts;
- N,N-Dialkyl (Me, Et, n-Pr or i-Pr) aminoethane-2-ols and corresponding protonated salts;
Note:
This Item does not control:
- N,N-Dimethylaminoethanol, (CAS 108-01-0) and corresponding protonated salts;
- N,N-Diethylaminoethanol, (CAS 100-37-8) and corresponding protonated salts.
- N,N-Dialkyl (Me, Et, n-Pr or i-Pr) aminoethane-2-thiols and corresponding protonated salts;
- Thiodiglycol: Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) sulphide, (CAS 111-48-8);
- Pinacolyl alcohol: 3,3-Dimethylbutan-2-ol, (CAS 464-07-3).
- N,N-Diisopropylaminoethanethiol hydrochloride (-75-5)
Note:
7-3.4 includes, but is not limited to, the following chemicals:
a. N,N-Diisopropyl-(beta)-aminoethyl chloride (CAS 96-79-7);
b. N,N-Diisopropyl-(beta)-aminoethane thiol (CAS -07-9);
c. Diethyl ethylphosphonate (CAS 78-38-6);
d. Diethyl N,N-dimethylphosphoramidate (CAS -03-7);
e. Ethylphosphinyl dichloride (CAS -40-4);
f. Ethylphosphonyl dichloride (CAS -50-8);
g. Methylphosphinyl dichloride (CAS 676-83-5);
h. N,N-Diisopropyl-(beta)-amino-ethanol (CAS 96-80-0);
i. Diethyl methylphosphonite (CAS -41-0);
j. Dimethyl ethylphosphonate (CAS -75-3);
k. Ethylphosphinyl difluoride (CAS 430-78-4);
l. Methylphosphinyl difluoride (CAS 753-59-3);
m. N,N-Diisopropyl-2-aminoethyl chloride hydrochloride (CAS -68-1);
n. Methylphosphonic acid (CAS 993-13-5);
o. Diethyl methylphosphonate (CAS 683-08-9);
p. N,N-Dimethylaminophosphoryl dichloride (CAS 677-43-0);
q. Methylphosphonothioic dichloride (CAS 676-98-2).
- 5. CWC Schedule 3 A Toxic Chemicals:
- Phosgene: Carbonyl dichloride, (CAS 75-44-5);
- Cyanogen chloride, (CAS 506-77-4);
- Hydrogen cyanide, (CAS 74-90-8);
- Chloropicrin: Trichloronitromethane, (CAS 76-06-2).
- 6. CWC Schedule 3 B Precursors:
- Phosphorus oxychloride, (CAS -87-3);
- Phosphorus trichloride, (CAS -12-2);
- Phosphorus pentachloride, (CAS -13-8);
- Trimethyl phosphite, (CAS 121-45-9);
- Triethyl phosphite, (CAS 122-52-1);
- Dimethyl phosphite, (CAS 868-85-9);
- Diethyl phosphite, (CAS 762-04-9);
- Sulphur monochloride, (CAS -67-9);
- Sulphur dichloride, (CAS -99-0);
- Thionyl chloride, (CAS -09-7);
- Ethyldiethanolamine, (CAS 139-87-7);
- Methyldiethanolamine, (CAS 105-59-9);
- Triethanolamine, (CAS 102-71-6).
7-4. AG Materials
- 1. Chemical Weapons Precursor Chemicals, as follows:
- a. 3-hydroxy-1-methylpiperidine, (CAS -74-3);
- b. Potassium fluoride, (CAS -23-3);
- c. 2-chloroethanol, (CAS 107-07-3);
- d. Dimethylamine, (CAS 124-40-3);
- e. Dimethylamine hydrochloride, (CAS 506-59-2);
- f. Hydrogen fluoride, (CAS -39-3);
- g. Methyl benzilate, (CAS 76-89-1);
- h. 3-quinuclidone, (CAS -38-2);
- i. Pinacolone, (CAS 75-97-8);
- j. Potassium cyanide, (CAS 151-50-8);
- k. Potassium bifluoride, (CAS -29-9);
- l. Ammonium bifluoride, (CAS -49-7);
- m. Sodium bifluoride, (CAS -83-1);
- n. Sodium fluoride, (CAS -49-4);
- o. Sodium cyanide, (CAS 143-33-9);
- p. Phosphorus pentasulphide, (CAS -80-3);
- q. Diisopropylamine, (CAS 108-18-9);
- r. Diethylaminoethanol, (CAS 100-37-8);
- s. Sodium sulphide, (CAS -82-2);
- t. Triethanolamine hydrochloride, (CAS 637-39-8);
- u. Triisopropyl phosphite, (CAS 116-17-6);
- v. O,O-Diethyl phosphorothioate, (CAS -65-8);
- w. O,O-Diethyl phosphorodithioate, (CAS 298-06-6);
- x. Sodium hexafluorosilicate, (CAS -85-9);
- y. Diethylamine (CAS 109-89-7);
- z. Methyl dichlorophosphate (CAS 677-24-7);
- aa. Ethyl dichlorophosphate (CAS -51-7);
- bb. Methyl difluorophosphate (CAS -13-4);
- cc. Ethyl difluorophosphate (CAS 460-52-6);
- dd. Diethyl chlorophosphite (CAS 589-57-1);
- ee. Methyl chlorofluorophosphate (CAS 754-01-8);
- ff. Ethyl chlorofluorophosphate (CAS 762-77-6);
- gg. N,N-Dimethylformamidine (CAS -42-7);
- hh. N,N-Diethylformamidine (CAS -67-7);
- ii. N,N-Dipropylformamidine (CAS -20-8);
- jj. N,N-Diisopropylformamidine (CAS -08-8);
- kk. N,N-Dimethylacetamidine (CAS -14-0);
- ll. N,N-Diethylacetamidine (CAS -06-6);
- mm. N,N-Dipropylacetamidine (CAS -99-0);
- nn. N,N-Dimethylpropanamidine (CAS -14-8);
- oo. N,N-Diethylpropanamidine (CAS -73-8);
- pp. N,N-Dipropylpropanamidine (CAS -89-6);
- qq. N,N-Dimethylbutanamidine (CAS -35-5);
- rr. N,N-Diethylbutanamidine (CAS -30-8);
- ss. N,N-Dipropylbutanamidine (CAS -35-8);
- tt. N,N-Diisopropylbutanamidine (CAS -17-4);
- uu. N,N-Dimethylisobutanamidine (CAS -25-8);
- vv. N,N-Diethylisobutanamidine (CAS -47-2);
- ww. N,N-Dipropylisobutanamidine (CAS -45-1);
- xx. Dipropylamine (CAS 142-84-7).
7-5. Software
Controls on "software" transfer only apply where specifically indicated in section 7-2 above, and do not apply to "software" which is either:
- 1. Generally available to the public by being:
- Sold from stock at retail selling points without restriction, by means of:
- 1. Over-the-counter transactions;
- 2. Mail order transactions;
- 3. Electronic transactions; or
- 4. call transactions; and
- Designed for installation by the user without further substantial support by the supplier; or
- 2. "In the public domain".
7-6. Technology
"Technology", including licences, directly associated with
- - CW agents specified by 7-3;
- - AG-controlled precursors specified by 7-4; or
- - AG-controlled dual-use equipment items specified by 7-2.
This includes:
- transfer of "technology" ("technical data") by any means, including electronic media, fax or ;
- transfer of "technology" in the form of "technical assistance".
Notes:- 1. Controls on "technology" do not apply to information “in the public domain,” or to “basic scientific research”, or the minimum necessary information for patent application.
- 2. The approval for export of any AG-controlled item of dual-use equipment also authorises the export to the same end-user of the minimum “technology” required for the installation, operation, maintenance, or repair of that item.
Dual-Use Biological Equipment, Biological Weapons and Related Software and Technology
7-11. Equipment, Assemblies and Components
None
7-12. Biological Test, Inspection and Production Equipment, as follows:
- 3. Centrifugal Separators
Centrifugal separators capable of the continuous separation of pathogenic microorganisms, without the propagation of aerosols, and having all the following characteristics:- one or more sealing joints within the steam containment area;
- a flow rate greater than 100 litres per hour;
- components of polished stainless steel or titanium; and
- capable of in-situ steam sterilisation in a closed state.
Technical Note:
Centrifugal separators include decanters.
- 4. Cross (tangential) flow filtration equipment
Technical Note:
In this control, ‘sterilized’ denotes the elimination of all viable microbes from the equipment through the use of either physical (e.g. steam) or chemical agents. ‘Disinfected’ denotes a process to reduce the number of microorganisms but not usually of bacterial spores, through the use of chemical agents, without necessarily killing or removing all organisms.
- 5. Freeze-drying Equipment
Steam, gas or vapour sterilisable freeze-drying equipment with a condenser capacity of 10 kg of ice or greater in 24 hours and less than 1,000 kg of ice in 24 hours.
- 6. Spray-drying Equipment
Spray drying equipment capable of drying toxins or pathogenic microorganisms having all of the following characteristics:- a water evaporation capacity of ≥ 0.4 kg/h and ≤ 400 kg/h;
- the ability to generate a typical mean product particle size of ≤ 10 micrometers with existing fittings or by minimal modification of the spray-dryer with atomization nozzles enabling generation of the required particle size; and
- capable of being sterilized or disinfected in situ.
- 7. Protective and containment equipment as follows:
- Protective full or half suits, or hoods dependent upon a tethered external air supply and operating under positive pressure;
Technical Note:
This does not control suits designed to be worn with self-contained breathing apparatus. - Biocontainment chambers, isolators or biological safety cabinets having all of the following characteristics, for normal operation:
- 8. Aerosol inhalation equipment
Aerosol inhalation equipment designed for aerosol challenge testing with microorganisms, viruses or toxins as follows:- Whole-body exposure chambers having a capacity of 1 cubic metre or greater.
- Nose-only exposure apparatus utilising directed aerosol flow and having capacity for exposure of 12 or more rodents, or 2 or more animals other than rodents; and, closed animal restraint tubes designed for use with such apparatus.
- 9. Spraying or fogging systems and components therefor, as follows:
- Complete spraying or fogging systems, specially designed or modified for fitting to aircraft, lighter than air vehicles or UAVs, capable of delivering, from a liquid suspension, an initial droplet “VMD” of less than 50 microns at a flow rate of greater than two litres per minute.
- Spray booms or arrays of aerosol generating units, specially designed or modified for fitting to aircraft, lighter than air vehicles or UAVs, capable of delivering, from a liquid suspension, an initial droplet “VMD” of less than 50 microns at a flow rate of greater than two litres per minute.
- Aerosol generating units specially designed for fitting to systems that fulfil all the criteria specified in paragraphs 7-12.9.a. and 7-12.9.b.
Technical Notes:
Aerosol generating units are devices specially designed or modified for fitting to aircraft such as nozzles, rotary drum atomisers and similar devices.
This entry does not control spraying or fogging systems and components as specified in paragraph 7-12.9. above that are demonstrated not to be capable of delivering biological agents in the form of infectious aerosols.
Pending definition of international standards, the following guidelines should be followed:
Droplet size for spray equipment or nozzles specially designed for use on aircraft or UAVs should be measured using either of the following methods:
- Doppler laser method;
- Forward laser diffraction method.
- 10. Nucleic acid assemblers and synthesizers
- Nucleic acid assemblers and synthesizers, which are partly or entirely automated, and designed to generate continuous nucleic acids greater than 1.5 kilobases in length with error rates less than 5% in a single run.
- "Software" designed for nucleic acid assemblers and synthesizers, specified by 7-12.10.a., that is capable of designing and building functional genetic elements from digital sequence data.
- Peptide synthesizers
- Peptide synthesizers that are partly or entirely automated and capable of generating peptides at a ‘system synthesis scale’ of 1 mmol or greater.
Technical Note:
‘System synthesis scale’ denotes the maximum amount of peptide (mmol) that can be produced by the instrument using the largest compatible reaction vessels (L). For multiple peptides produced in parallel, this is the sum of the largest compatible reaction vessels (L).
N.B.:
See 7-2., the Control List of Dual-Use Chemical Manufacturing Facilities and Equipment and Related Technology and Software, for other chemical reaction vessels or reactors.
(Item 7-12. applies to all destinations except Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Cyprus, Romania, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom and United States.)
7-13. Materials
(All destinations applies to all 7-13 Items)
Biological Weapon Agents
7-13.1. Human and Animal Pathogens and Toxins, as follows:
- Viruses:
- Not used since
- Bacteria:
- Toxins as follow and subunits thereof:
Note:
Excluding immunotoxins.
- Fungi:
- 1. Coccidioides immitis;
- 2. Coccidioides posadasii;
- Genetic Elements and Genetically-modified Organisms:
Any genetically-modified organism1. which contains, or genetic element2. that codes for any of the following:
- any gene, genes, translated product, or translated products, specific to any listed virus in 7-13.1.a.; or
- any gene or genes specific to any listed bacterium in 7-13.1.c. or fungus in 7 13.1.e., and which
- (i) in itself or through its transcribed or translated products represents a significant hazard to human, animal or plant health, or
- (ii) could endow or enhance pathogenicity3.
- any listed toxins 7-13.1.d. or their sub-units.
Technical Note:
1. Genetically-modified organisms include organisms in which the nucleic acid sequences have been created or altered by deliberate molecular manipulation.
2. Genetic elements include, inter alia: chromosomes, genomes, plasmids, transposons, vectors, and inactivated organisms containing recoverable nucleic acid fragments, whether genetically modified or unmodified, or chemically synthesized in whole or in part. For the purposes of the genetic elements control, nucleic acids from an inactivated organism, virus, or sample are considered ‘recoverable’ if the inactivation and preparation of the material is intended or known to facilitate isolation, purification, amplification, detection, or identification of nucleic acids.
3. These controls do not apply to nucleic acid sequences of shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli of serogroups O26, O45, O103, O104, O111, O121, O145, O157, and other shiga toxin producing serogroups, other than those genetic elements coding for shiga toxin, or for its subunits.
4. Endow or enhance pathogenicity is defined as when the insertion or integration of the nucleic acid sequence or sequences is/are likely to enable or increase a recipient organism’s ability to be used to deliberately cause disease or death. This might include alterations to, inter alia: virulence, transmissibility, stability, route of infection, host range, reproducibility, ability to evade or suppress host immunity, resistance to medical countermeasures, or detectability.
Note:
Biological agents and pathogens are controlled when they are an isolated live culture of a pathogen agent, or a preparation of a toxin agent which has been isolated or extracted from any source, or material including living material which has been deliberately inoculated or contaminated with the agent. Isolated live cultures of a pathogen agent include live cultures in dormant form or in dried preparations, whether the agent is natural, enhanced or modified.
An agent/pathogen is covered by item 7-13.1.a. to 7-13.1.f. except when it is in the form of a vaccine. A vaccine is a medicinal product in a pharmaceutical formulation licensed by, or having marketing or clinical trial (including veterinary clinical trial) authorization from, the regulatory authorities of either the country of manufacture or of use, which is intended to stimulate a protective immunological response in humans or animals in order to prevent disease in those to whom or to which it is administered.
7-13.2. Animal Pathogens, as follows:
- Not used since
- Not used since
- Not used since
- Not used since
7-13.3. Plant Pathogens, as follows:
Technical Notes:
- 1. Genetically-modified organisms include organisms in which the nucleic acid sequences have been created or altered by deliberate molecular manipulation.
- 2. Genetic elements include, inter alia: chromosomes, genomes, plasmids, transposons, vectors, and inactivated organisms containing recoverable nucleic acid fragments, whether genetically modified or unmodified, or chemically synthesized in whole or in part. For the purposes of the genetic elements control, nucleic acids from an inactivated organism, virus, or sample are considered ‘recoverable’ if the inactivation and preparation of the material is intended or known to facilitate isolation, purification, amplification, detection, or identification of nucleic acids.
- 3. Endow or enhance pathogenicity is defined as when the insertion or integration of the nucleic acid sequence or sequences is/are likely to enable or increase a recipient organism’s ability to be used to deliberately cause disease or death. This might include alterations to, inter alia: virulence, transmissibility, stability, route of infection, host range, reproducibility, ability to evade or suppress host immunity, resistance to countermeasures, or detectability.
7-14. Software
Controls on “software” transfer only apply where specifically indicated in sections 7-12 above and 7-15, and do not apply to “software” which is either:
- 1. Generally available to the public by being:
- Sold from the stock at retail selling points without restriction, by means of:
- 1. Over-the-counter transactions;
- 2. Mail order transactions;
- 3. Electronic transactions; or
- 4. call transactions; and
- Designed for installation by the user without further substantial support by the supplier; or
- 2. "In the public domain".
7-15. Technology
"Technology", including licenses, directly associated with
- - AG-controlled pathogens and toxins specified by 7-13; or
- - AG-controlled dual-use biological equipment items specified by 7-12.
This includes
- transfer of "technology" (technical data) by any means, including electronic media, fax or
- transfer of "technology" in the form of "technical assistance".
Notes:
- 1. Controls on “technology” do not apply to information “in the public domain” or to “basic scientific research”, or the minimum necessary information for patent application.
- 2. The approval for export of any AG-controlled item of dual-use equipment also authorises the export to the same end-user of the minimum "technology" required for the installation, operation, maintenance, or repair of that item.
Group 7 – Definitions
- “Basic scientific research”
- Experimental or theoretical work undertaken principally to acquire new knowledge of the fundamental principles of phenomena or observable facts, not primarily directed towards a specific practical aim or objective.
- “Development”
- “Development” is related to all phases before “production” such as:
- - design
- - design research
- - design concepts
- - assembly of prototypes
- - pilot production schemes
- - design data
- - process of transforming design data into a product
- - configuration design
- - integration design
- - layouts
- “In the public domain”
- “In the public domain”, as it applies herein, means “technology” or “software” that has been made available without restrictions upon its further dissemination. (Copyright restrictions do not remove "technology" or "software" from being "in the public domain").
- “Lighter than air vehicles”
- Balloons and airships that rely on hot air or on lighter-than-air gases such as helium or hydrogen for their lift.
- “Microprogram”
- A sequence of elementary instructions maintained in a special storage, the execution of which is initiated by the introduction of its reference instruction register.
- “Production”
- Means all "production" phases such as:
- - construction
- - production engineering
- - manufacture
- - integration
- - assembly (mounting)
- - inspection
- - testing
- - quality assurance
- “Program”
- A sequence of instructions to carry out a process in, or convertible into, a form executable by an electronic computer.
- “Software”
- A collection of one or more ‘programs’ or ‘microprograms’ fixed in any tangible medium of expression.
- “Technical assistance”
- May take forms, such as: instruction, skills, training, working knowledge, consulting services. “Technical assistance” includes oral forms of assistance. “Technical assistance” may involve transfer of “technical data”.
- “Technical data”
- May take forms such as blueprints, plans, diagrams, models, formulae, tables, engineering designs and specifications, manuals and instructions written or recorded on other media or devices such as disk, tape, read-only memories.
- “Technology”
- Specific information necessary for the “development”, “production” or “use” of a product. The information takes the form of “technical data” or “technical assistance”.
- “UAVs”
- Unmanned Aerial Vehicles.
- “Use”
- Operation, installation (including on-site installation), maintenance (checking), repair, overhaul or refurbishing.
- “VMD”
- Volume Median Diameter.
Note: For water-based systems, VMD equates to MMD - the Mass Median Diameter.
Group 8 – Repealed - January (SOR/DORS/-16)
Group 9 – Arms Trade Treaty
(All destinations. All destinations applies to all Group 9 Items.)
The goods referred to in items 9-1. to 9-9., whether or not included elsewhere in this List, the export of which Canada has agreed to control in accordance with its obligations under the Arms Trade Treaty.
9-1. Battle tanks that are tracked or wheeled self-propelled armoured fighting vehicles weighing at least 16.5 t unladen, with a direct fire main gun of at least 75 mm calibre.
9-2. Armoured combat vehicles as follows:
- tracked, semi-tracked or wheeled self-propelled vehicles with armoured protection and cross-country capability having any of the following characteristics:
- i. designed or modified and equipped to transport a squad of four or more infantry soldiers,
- ii. armed with an integral or organic weapon of at least 12.5 mm calibre,
- iii. equipped with a missile launcher,
- iv. equipped with organic technical means for observation, reconnaissance and target indication and designed to perform reconnaissance missions,
- v. equipped with integral or organic technical means for command of troops,
- vi. equipped with integral or organic electronic and technical means designed for electronic warfare; and
- armoured bridge-launching vehicles.
9-3. Large-calibre artillery systems as follows:
- guns, howitzers, mortars - and artillery pieces that combine the characteristics of a gun or howitzer - that are capable of engaging surface targets by delivering indirect fire and have
- i. a calibre of at least 75 mm but not greater than 155 mm, or
- ii. a calibre greater than 155 mm;
- multiple-launch rocket systems that are capable of engaging surface targets by delivering indirect fire and have a calibre of at least 75 mm; and
- gun carriers specially designed for towing artillery.
9-4. Military aircraft and related systems as follows:
- manned fixed-wing or variable-geometry wing aircraft that are designed, equipped or modified to
- i. engage targets by employing guided missiles, unguided rockets, bombs, guns, cannons or other weapons of destruction, or
- ii. perform reconnaissance, command-of-troops, electronic warfare, suppression of air-defence systems, refuelling or airdrop missions;
- unmanned fixed-wing or variable-geometry wing aircraft that are designed, equipped or modified to
- i. engage targets by employing guided missiles, unguided rockets, bombs, guns, cannons or other weapons of destruction, or
- ii. perform reconnaissance, electronic warfare or suppression of air-defence systems missions; and
- systems for the control and receiving of information from the unmanned aircraft referred to in paragraph 9-4.b.
9-5. Military helicopters and related systems as follows:
- manned rotary-wing aircraft that are designed, equipped or modified to
- i. engage targets by employing guided or unguided anti-armour, air-to-surface, air-to-subsurface or air-to-air weapons for which the aircraft are equipped with an integrated fire control and aiming system, or
- ii. perform reconnaissance, electronic warfare, target acquisition (including anti-submarine warfare), communications, command-of-troops or minelaying missions;
- unmanned rotary-wing aircraft that are designed, equipped or modified to
- i. engage targets by employing guided or unguided anti-armour, air-to-surface, air-to-subsurface or air-to-air weapons for which the aircraft are equipped with an integrated fire control and aiming system, or
- ii. perform reconnaissance, electronic warfare or suppression of air-defence systems missions; and
- systems for the control and receiving of information from the unmanned aircraft referred to in paragraph 9-5.b.
9-6. Vessels and submarines that are armed and equipped for military use and that
- have a standard displacement equal to or greater than 150 t; or
- have a standard displacement of less than 150 t and are equipped for launching missiles or torpedoes with a range of 25 km or greater.
9-7. Missiles and missile launchers
- 1. Missiles and missile launchers, as follows:
- guided or unguided rockets and ballistic or cruise missiles that are capable of delivering a warhead or weapon of destruction to a range of 25 km or greater;
- launchers that are specially designed or modified for launching the missiles or rockets referred to in paragraph 9-7.1.a., if not included in any of items 9-1. to 9-6.; and
- Man-Portable Air-Defense Systems (MANPADS).
- 2. Paragraph 9-7.1.a. includes remotely piloted vehicles that have the characteristics of the missiles or rockets described in that subsection.
9-8. Small arms
- 1. Small arms that are destined for police or military end-use by individual members, as follows:
- handguns that
- i. are automatic or converted automatic in function,
- ii. are semi-automatic in function, or
- iii. are revolvers;
- rifles other than those specified in paragraph 9-8.1.d.;
- submachine guns that are automatic or converted automatic in function;
- assault rifles that are automatic or converted automatic in function; and
- light machine guns that
- i. are automatic or converted automatic in function, and
- ii. have a calibre of 12.7mm or less,
- 2. Subsection 9-8.1. does not include
- firearms that are specially designed for dummy or blank ammunition and are incapable of discharging a projectile or marking cartridges;
- firearms that are specially designed for marking or for force-on-force type training ammunition;
- firearms that are specially designed to launch tethered projectiles having no high-explosive charge or communications link to a range of 500 m or less; or
- antique firearms as defined in subsection 84(1) of the Criminal Code.
9-9. Light weapons
- 1. Light weapons destined for use by individual members of armed or security forces or by several members serving as a crew and delivering primarily direct fire as follows:
- heavy machine guns, other than the grenade launchers specified in paragraph 9-9.1.b., that
- i. are automatic or converted automatic in function, and
- ii. have a calibre greater than 12.7mm;
- hand-held grenade launchers, under-barrel-mounted grenade launchers and mounted grenade launchers;
- portable anti-tank guns;
- recoilless rifles;
- portable anti-tank missile launchers and rocket systems; and
- mortars that have a calibre less than 75 mm.
- 2. Subsection 9-9.1. does not include antique firearms, as defined in subsection 84(1) of the Criminal Code.
Index
This non-exhaustive index is provided as a guide only.
Contact us to discuss your requirements of Horizontal Thruster 40KW 550 KG. Our experienced sales team can help you identify the options that best suit your needs.