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Sudden cardiac arrest occurs when the heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops pumping blood. It can happen to anyone, at any time, and signs include sudden collapse and immediate loss of consciousness.
Unlike heart attacks, which are caused by a blockage in an artery to the heart, sudden cardiac arrest is caused when the heart’s electrical system malfunctions. This produces abnormal heart rhythms, called arrhythmias, that make the heart unable to pump blood.
If cardiac arrest does occur, rapid treatment with a medical device called an automated external defibrillator (AED) can be lifesaving.
An AED is a type of computerized defibrillator that automatically analyzes the heart rhythm in people who are experiencing cardiac arrest. When appropriate, it delivers an electrical shock to the heart to restore its normal rhythm. The conversion of a ventricular arrhythmia to its normal rhythm by an electrical shock is called defibrillation.
Defibrillation is time sensitive. The probability of survival decreases by 7% to 10% for every minute that a victim stays in a life-threatening arrhythmia.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration regulates AEDs and their necessary accessories as medical devices and evaluates them for safety and effectiveness before they are marketed.
You can find AEDs in many public places, including offices, schools, shopping malls, grocery stores, and airports.
Emergency first-responders are typically equipped with and trained to use AEDs. Some people with underlying cardiac conditions can be at a higher risk of sudden cardiac arrest. Your health care professional can tell you if a home AED is something you should consider.
An AED system includes an AED and its necessary accessories, such as a battery, pad electrodes, and if applicable, an adapter. The AED gives verbal instructions to users.
This is how they work:
AEDs are not difficult to use, but training in the use of AEDs is highly recommended. This training, in connection with CPR training, is offered by many major health organizations. Some training is available online.
Classes can teach you how to recognize the signs of a sudden cardiac arrest, when to call emergency medical services, how to do CPR, and how to use an AED.
But as always, in an emergency, call 911 immediately. If you’re somewhere that has an emergency response system that includes a clearly visible number, call that number for assistance. In either case, an operator can give instructions on how you can help someone who has sudden cardiac arrest.
The FDA reviews AEDs and their necessary accessories, such as batteries and pad electrodes, for safety and effectiveness. As part of its regulatory oversight, the FDA closely monitors reports of device malfunctions, and reviews such reports from consumers and manufacturers of AEDs.
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Although the FDA regulates AEDs as medical devices, it does not regulate the resuscitation guidelines for the use of these devices. Visit this American Red Cross website to learn how and when to use an AED.
The FDA maintains a list of FDA-approved AEDs and FDA-approved AED accessories. Certain AEDs that do not appear on the FDA-approved list are considered “legacy devices.” Although some of these legacy devices are still in use, they may no longer be legally marketed.
If you own an AED system, check to make sure your AED and its accessories are FDA approved. Contact the AED manufacturer with any questions or concerns. For more information, please visit the FDA webpage, Automated External Defibrillators.
Given the importance of these devices in emergency situations, the FDA recommends you continue to keep such legacy AEDs available for use until you receive an FDA-approved AED. If a cardiac arrest emergency happens and an AED is available, know that AEDs, even those considered legacy devices, can save lives.
The potential lifesaving benefits of FDA-approved AEDs when used as intended outweigh the probable risks of using them, when accompanied by adequate directions and appropriate warnings. You should be confident in using these devices in life-threatening situations
Health care professionals and patients are encouraged to report adverse events or side effects related to the use of these products to the FDA's MedWatch Safety Information and Adverse Event Reporting Program:
Having an Automated External Defibrillator, or AED, can significantly increase the chances of survival during a sudden cardiac arrest, and having one at home is crucial in emergencies while waiting for an ambulance to arrive. An AED in your home is there to help you act quickly when time is of the essence.
70% of sudden cardiac arrests happen in the home, and having an AED there can greatly improve a person’s chance of survival. An AED can analyze a patient’s heart rhythm and prompt the user to deliver a shock, which can restart the heart and restore normal heart rhythm. In fact, the shock is so effective that it can reverse even serious arrhythmias.
With a home AED, you can be the help before help arrives. The average national ambulance response time is 7 minutes in urban areas with longer response times for rural areas. Considering the likelihood of surviving sudden cardiac arrest declines by 10% for each minute that passes without help, it is important to take the necessary steps to saving a life, including using an AED, as quickly as possible.
If you’ve been working out at the gym, or shopping at the grocery store, you may have seen an AED. These devices are used to help resuscitate people who have suffered sudden cardiac arrest.
While you’re likely to see AEDs in places like malls, offices, and stadiums, there aren’t nearly as many in homes. When someone is experiencing sudden cardiac arrest, having an AED at home can increase chances of survival while waiting for EMS to respond to the scene.
You can get an AED for your home without a prescription. An FDA-approved model, the Philips HeartStart Home Defibrillator, costs approximately $1,200 and has audio instructions to help in an emergency. Recertified AEDs are also an option, there are just as effective and more affordable. When you purchase an AED, it is important to get the appropriate training to have the skills and confidence to use it in an emergency.
A home AED will come with complete instructions for use, and it’s a good idea to review those on occasion. You’ll need to replace the electrode pads and batteries as needed, which is specified by the manufacturer. Also, if your device starts beeping, check the information function on the AED or contact the manufacturer.
There are other reasons to consider an AED for the home, too. If you or a loved one has a family history of cardiac issues, there may be a higher risk for sudden cardiac arrest in your family. An AED can provide peace of mind and increase chances of survival. If you have a specific condition that puts you at high risk of sudden cardiac death, such as a genetic heart rhythm problem or coronary artery disease, your health care provider may recommend an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, or pacemaker, instead.
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