The nitrogen cycle is the cycle nitrogen goes through on planet Earth. It is a biogeochemical process where nitrogen is converted into different forms as it passes through the soil to organisms to the atmosphere and back to the soil again and again. It includes many stages and processes typically listed in the following order:
This entire process continues in a repeating circle.
In the process of aerobic respiration, oxygen works as the electron acceptor. However, in an environment without oxygen, anaerobic respiration must use another molecule to work as the electron acceptor. Denitrification is an anaerobic process. It happens where there is little to no oxygen available such as in deep soil or near a water table. Wetlands often have excess nitrogen thanks to denitrification. The amount of water in the soil is directly influential on the rate of denitrification. Lower moisture means less denitrification. The water holding capacity of the soil must be at least 60 percent. When an area floods or has a sudden influx of water, the denitrification process rapidly increases, assuming there are enough bacteria and fungi available.
During the denitrification process, some nitrous oxide is released into the atmosphere without being converted to dinitrogen. Nitrous oxide is a greenhouse gas and contributes to global warming, destroying the atmosphere. Nitrous oxide holds more than 310 times the heat than carbon dioxide does. This gas is related to long-term patterns of climate change which impacts food production, soil health, and land management.
When soil is saturated with water, but not enough microbes are present to keep up with the required denitrification, the nitrates can be lost to leaching. Nitrate is expensive as a soil fertilizer so having it lost in this way is damaging to both the environment and food production.
Nitrogen fertilizer is applied to many types of crops to help them grow.
The nitrogen cycle is the process nitrogen takes as it changes into multiple forms and moves through the atmosphere to the soil to organisms like plants and animals then back to the soil and it repeats the cycle by moving back into the atmosphere and continuing. Without nitrogen, plants don't grow, and the entire food chain is threatened on planet Earth. The nitrogen cycle has 5 steps:
Denitrification is the part of the nitrogen process when nitrogen is taken from a solid form in the soil. Microbes are responsible for denitrification. The most important element to the nitrogen cycle and denitrification is nitrogen. {eq}NO_{3} \rightarrow NO_{2} \rightarrow NO \rightarrow N_{2}O \rightarrow N_{2} {/eq} Reduction is the chemical process that changes nitrate into nitrite by using nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor. First, nitrate is reduced to nitrite. Next, nitrite is reduced to nitric oxide. Then, nitric oxide is reduced to nitrous oxide. Finally, nitrous oxide is reduced to dinitrogen. Denitrification can produce the three gases of nitrous oxide, nitrogen gas, and nitric oxide. If the denitrification process doesn't occur properly, the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide is released into the air. Nitrous Oxide is considered a greenhouse gas and has the capacity to carry 310 times the heat of carbon dioxide, making it harmful to the environment.
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